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Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving Process

Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving Process. Mess-finding Fact-finding Problem-finding Idea-Finding Solution-finding Acceptance-finding Follow-up (my addition). Morale. Defects. Turnover. Mess-Finding. Mess-Finding.

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Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving Process

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  1. Osborn-Parnes Creative Problem Solving Process • Mess-finding • Fact-finding • Problem-finding • Idea-Finding • Solution-finding • Acceptance-finding • Follow-up (my addition) MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  2. Morale Defects Turnover Mess-Finding MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  3. Mess-Finding A mess is a system of problems whose interactions are complicated and not clearly understood. Taken as a system, problems do not exist in isolation; each affects the fate of the mess of which they are a part. Evans, 1990 MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  4. Mess-Finding Reactive Approach: Observing unexpected change in a metric (e.g. drop in sales, increase in rework). Proactive Approach: Managers seek messes—never stop looking for ways to improve the business. Evans, 1990 MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  5. Mess-Finding A critical aspect of mess-finding is identifying a measure of effectiveness (MOE). MOEs are used to find out how well an existing system works and what it is worth. Change in an MOE can show that a mess exists. Example: percentage of on-time deliveries. Evans, 1990 MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  6. Mess-Finding Tools Control Charts Indication of possible mess MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  7. Another Mess-Finding Tool Gap Analysis What SHOULD be What ACTUALLY is Gap MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  8. Fact-Finding Measures of Effectiveness Organization’s Goals Basic Issues Existing Models Obstacles MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  9. Fact-Finding The purpose of fact-finding is to gather as much information as possible to increase understanding about the mess. Fact-finding helps avoid premature evaluation of the specific problems entwined in the mess. Focus is on mess – not solutions at this stage. Evans, 1990 MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  10. Fact-Finding VanGundy’s Questions for Diagnosing a Mess • What do you know about the situation? • What would be better if you resolved this situation? What would • be worse? • 3. What is the major obstacle facing you in dealing with this situation? • 4. What parts of the situation are related? • 5. When is the situation likely to get worse? Get better? MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  11. Fact-Finding Kepner & Tregoe’s Questions for Diagnosing a Mess • What is the deviation (versus what it is not)? • When did the deviation occur (versus when it did not occur)? • Where did the deviation occur (versus where it did not occur)? • To what extent did the deviation occur (versus to what extent it • did not occur? • Who is associated with the deviation (versus who is not associated • with it)? MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  12. Split Wrong Color Too Long Fact-FindingSome Helpful Tools • Flow Charts • Check Sheets MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  13. Problem-Finding Mess Problem MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  14. Problem-Finding The development of a problem statement for the real problem. Encompasses: • Conditions • Symptoms • Causes • Triggering events MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  15. Problem-Finding Types of errors: • Type I: Solving a problem that doesn’t exist. • Type II: Failing to recognize that a problem exists and therefore not solving it. • Type III: Solving the wrong problem. MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  16. Problem-Finding Example of Type III error: Problem identification: Nurses do not smile at patients. Real problem: Nurses have wrong attitudes about patients. MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  17. Problem-FindingSome Helpful Tools • Pareto Charts • Devil’s Advocacy • Five “Whys?” • Root Cause Analysis MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  18. Idea-Finding MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  19. Idea-Finding Purpose: To generate alternative ideas for solutions to the problem. The more ideas the better. Creativity is important. MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  20. Idea-FindingSome Helpful Tools • Brainstorming • Cause-and-Effect Diagrams MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  21. Idea-FindingMore Helpful Tools • “What if?” questions • Change the wording of the problem statement. • Representing the problem in a different form. MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  22. Solution-Finding Acceptance Practicality Cost Performance Time ROI NPV MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  23. Solution-Finding Purpose: To select the best solution from the alternatives identified in the idea-finding stage. Criteria for “best.” MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  24. Acceptance-Finding Policies “That will never work here” “We’ve always done it this way” Trust Obstacles Resources Power Risk Plan MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  25. Acceptance-Finding Purpose: To develop a plan of action to implement the solution. The solution must be sold to the client. MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

  26. Acceptance-FindingSome Helpful Tools • PERT Charts • Gantt Charts MGT 561 Creative Problem Solving

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