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20.1 Electric Circuits

20.1 Electric Circuits. pp. 730 - 735 Mr. Richter. Agenda. Warm-Up Notes: Circuit Diagrams Electrical Circuits and Short Circuits Using the Multimeter. Objectives: We Will Be Able To…. Draw and interpret circuit diagrams. Build a circuit given a circuit diagram.

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20.1 Electric Circuits

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  1. 20.1 Electric Circuits pp. 730 - 735 Mr. Richter

  2. Agenda • Warm-Up • Notes: • Circuit Diagrams • Electrical Circuits and Short Circuits • Using the Multimeter

  3. Objectives: We Will Be Able To… • Draw and interpret circuit diagrams. • Build a circuit given a circuit diagram. • Use the multimeter to measure voltage and current in a circuit.

  4. Warm-Up: • At your table, use the whiteboard to draw a circuit that contains: • 1 light bulb • 1 resistor • 1 open switch • 2 batteries • When you are finished, bring your whiteboard to the front of the room.

  5. Schematic Diagrams

  6. Schematic Diagrams • Schematic diagrams, often called circuit diagrams, are used to represent the design of electrical circuits. • Like force diagrams represent forces.

  7. Electric Circuits

  8. Electric Circuits • An electric circuit is a path through which electricity can be conducted. • All circuits contain two parts: • a potential difference: what supplies the energy (voltage) • a load: an element or group of elements that uses the energy • Conservation of energy: the voltage (energy in) must equal the load (energy out.

  9. Electric Circuits • Switchesare used to turn electricity on and off. • If a switch is on (connected), the circuit is closed, and electricity is flowing. • If a switch is off (unconnected), the circuit is open, and the flow of electricity is stopped. • Also happens with broken devices.

  10. ElectricCircuits • A short circuit is a path (often accidental) in a circuit that has a resistance close to zero. • Low resistance means high current. • High current means lots of extra heat. Extra heat can mean: • melting • burning • exploding • DANGER!

  11. Electric Circuits • To prevent wires from drawing too much current (short circuiting) we use: • Circuit Breakers – flips the switch to off when the current gets too high • Fuses – actually breaks when current is too high

  12. Measuring Voltage and Current

  13. Measuring Voltage and Current • At your table, build the circuit below. When you’re done, check in with Mr. Richter

  14. Measuring Voltage • A multimeter is used to measure voltage, current and resistance in a circuit. • To measure voltage: • set the multimeter to Volts. • Red lead in the middle. • Touch probes to either side of an element to see the voltage gain or drop. • Red lead is always more “downstream.” • Voltage is a difference in potential energy. • If energy is gained from black to red, voltage should be positive. • Energy lost = negative voltage • No change in energy = 0 volts.

  15. Measuring Current • To measure current: • set the multimeter to mAmps • Red lead on the left. • Current is always positive! • You must run your circuit THROUGH the multimeter. • It counts how many electrons pass by, like a ticket counter.

  16. Wrap-Up: Did we meet our objectives? • Draw and interpret circuit diagrams. • Build a circuit given a circuit diagram. • Use the multimeter to measure voltage and current in a circuit.

  17. Homework • p. 735 #1-5

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