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Microwave Thermography

Microwave Thermography. RTM – Principles. The RTM-01-RES radiometer receives and evaluates the natural electromagnetic radiation (temperature) from the patient’s internal tissues at microwave. The Volume Under Investigation. Skin. Internal Tissues. Microwave Sensor.

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Microwave Thermography

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  1. Microwave Thermography

  2. RTM – Principles The RTM-01-RES radiometer receives and evaluates the natural electromagnetic radiation (temperature) from the patient’s internal tissues at microwave

  3. The Volume Under Investigation Skin Internal Tissues Microwave Sensor The Volume Under Investigation Antenna P=kTΔF K-Bolzmann coefficient ΔF-the receivers bandwidth

  4. Microwave Penetration Depth in Human Tissue

  5. Temperature and Blood flow Patterns in breast cancer(M. Gautherie 1982) 85000 patients have been examined in three Breast Centers in France during 17 years. • Departement de Senologie, Hospices Civils • Unite de Senologie, Hospital de Hautepierre • Centre de Senologie

  6. The distribution of temperature and thermal conductivity in cancerous and healthy breast

  7. Metabolic heat production as a function of doubling time of tumor volume 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 200 100 300 400 500 600 700 Metabolic heat production, ( мWt/cm3) Doubling time of tumor volume (days)

  8. M. Gautheriemonitoring of 1245 women with Th III increase of hyperthermia during 12 years • patients without benign lesions 461 patients with benign mastopathy

  9. Evolution of cancer for the patients with benign mastopathy and stable Th III increase of hyperthermia The percentage of Breast Cancer cases The number of patients – 461

  10. Evolution of cancer for the patients without benign lesions and stable Th III increase of hyperthermia The percentage of Breast Cancer cases The number of patients– 784

  11. The Internal Temperature Difference as a Function of Microvessel Density (MVD) T. Yahara, 2003 Internal Temperature Difference Microvessel Density (MVD)

  12. Angiogenesis of Breast Cancer • Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, play the central role in both local tumor growth and distant metastasis in breast cancer. • Angiogenesis precedes transformation of mammary hyperplasia to malignancy B. P. Schneider, 2005

  13. Tumor Angiogenesis: A New Significant and Independent Prognostic Indicator in Early-Stage Breast Carcinoma,( Weidner,1992) • Microvessel density was the only statistically significant predictor of overall survivalamong node-negative women. Only microvessel density and histologic grade showedstatistically significant correlations with relapse-free survival in the node-negative subset • Conclusions: microvessel density in the area of the most intense neovascularization in invasive breast carcinoma is an independent and highly significant prognostic indicator for overall and relapse-free survival in patients with early-stage breast carcinoma (I or II by International Union Against Cancer criteria)

  14. Microvascular density in preinvasive lesions of the human breastViakava P., Naccarato AG., 2004

  15. Vascular score for different breast disease (Heffelfinger, 1996)

  16. RTM – 01 – RESImaging System

  17. RTM - Diagnosis The temperature is measured in 9 points of each breast and in two reference points

  18. RTM-Diagnosis Software Data of the measured temperatures are automatically stored in the computers memory to be processed.

  19. Healthy Woman’s Field Isotherm step Right MG Left MG Temperature(ºC): Minimum 34.8, Mean 35.1, Maximum 35.4

  20. Thermogram of internal and skin temperature for normal breast

  21. Breast Temperature Field Isotherm step Right MG Left MG Temperature(ºC): Minimum 32.8, Mean 33.8, Maximum 35.3 Breast Cancer internal temperature field

  22. Breast cancer thermogram of internal and skin temperature

  23. After the treatment Right Breast Left Breast Right Breast Left Breast Before the treatment The RTM-01-RES is indispensable for the monitoring of treatment due to the fact that it is absolutely harmless. This is a sample of the positive dynamics which occur during the treatment of mastitis.

  24. The clinical trials of RTM -01-RESThe total number of patients is 1207 The breast cancer patients -271

  25. Russian Scientific Center for X-ray-radiology,Moscow, Russia, 2006 The main tasks of the clinical trials were: • To estimate the level of temperature changes for tumors with different degree of malignancy • To estimate the correlation between RTM results and color Doppler ultrasonography results • To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of RTM method for breast cancer detection

  26. Method and Materials • Clinical examination • Mammography • Ultrasonography • Doppler ultrasonography • Mamma stintigraphy examination • RTM method • Biopsy • Histology

  27. The subjects of study

  28. Breast cancer types

  29. The evaluation of the thermal changes The thermograms were characterized by Th parameters. The maximum index is Th5, the minimum – Th0.

  30. Temperature changes for tumor with high degree of malignancy

  31. Temperature changes for tumor with intermediate degree of malignancy

  32. Temperature changes for tumor with low degree of malignancy

  33. The sensitivity of different methods for breast cancer detection

  34. The sensitivity of different methods for cancer in situ detection

  35. Conclusion: • In 90% of breast cancer patients have significant thermal changes. • 80% patient with breast cancer in situ have thermal changes captured with the RTM-01-RES. • In 50% of cancer in situ cases are accompanied by very strong thermal changes (Th5). • 80% of patients with the atypical hyperplasia have thermal changes of mammary glands • At the high degree of malignance predominate the maximal thermal changes (Th5), at the intermediate degree of malignance predominates the Th4 thermal changes, at the low degree of malignance over half of the patients have the index Th3 and Th2. • The RTM method allows to identify patients having high risk of malignization and needing further examination.

  36. Conclusion RTM method is very promising method for to identify patients with the increase risk of breast cancer. Combination RTM method and mammography increase sensitivity of breast cancer diagnosis to 98%

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