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Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering

This project aims to develop a non-destructive early warning monitoring system using enzyme activity measurements to detect biofouling potential in membrane filtration processes for drinking water treatment. The research involves investigating exo-enzymes as indicators of active biomass and implementing enzyme activity assays to monitor biofilm development. The methodology includes substrate injection, enzyme measurement, and fluorescence detection to determine enzymatic activity levels. The outcomes will enhance understanding of biofouling behavior, enabling efficient mitigation strategies. Experimental preparations and tests will be conducted to calibrate the sensor for enzyme measurement in pilot-scale membrane filtration systems.

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Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering

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  1. Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Development of an ”at-line” sensor for monitoring bio-fouling potential in membrane filtration systems for drinking water treatment using ezyme activity measurements.Blanca Magdalena Gonzalez SilvaAdvisors: Cheng Sun, post doc; Stein W. Østerhus professor.

  2. Aim Development of an non-destructive early warning monitoring at-line of enzyme activity, as an indicator of biofouling potential in membrane filtration process.

  3. Introduction: Demand for on- line,non-destructive real-time information about biofilms in technical systems: Examples: Physical or physico-chemical on- line methods: a) Detect ↑or↓ of material accumulating on a surface (not ≠ biomass and other components of a deposit). • Most have not successful proof of operation at laboratory • None are specially designed for membrane biofouling monitoring b) Provide biological information and distinguish between biotic and abiotic material. c) Provide detailed chemical information.

  4. Introduction • For in-situ or at-line monitoring of membrane biofouling: Exo-enzymes Exo-hydrolases: hydrolyse organic compounds. Heterotrophic bacteria excellent producers of hydrolytic enzymes. • The activity of such exo-enzymes can therefore be used as a measure of total active biomass.

  5. How was done the enzymatic activity in previous experiments ? • Ultrasonic treatment  biofoulant removal • Enzyme activity assays

  6. 1.- Biofouling development 1.- Biofouling development permeate permeate 2.- Substrate injection (MUH) Raw water Raw water Substrate concentration= ≥ 0.02 mg MUH/mL Mixed time = 1 min Monitoring: Trans membrane pressure (TMP); Temperature Monitoring: Trans membrane pressure (TMP); Temperature Fluorimeter Flow=1 mL/min Strategy for carried out the development of an ”at- line” sensor: 3.- Enzyme measurement

  7. MUH: 4-methylumbelliferyl heptanoate MU: fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone Fluorimeter Flow=1 mL/min 3.- Enzyme measurement Sofware : Clarity lite

  8. Day 10 Fluorescence Day 5 Day 1 Time (min) Expected results Enzymatic activity = Amount of 4methylbumbelliferone (MU) per minute per litre. Activity per cm2 membrane surface = μmol of MU realised per minute, per cm2.

  9. Enzyme activity Biomass/Biofouling Expected results • Understanding biofouling behaviour and responses: • to choose optimal operating conditions for biofouling mitigation and • control. It is assumed that cleaning can be more efficient when biofouling is in a early stage of colonisation

  10. Initial determinations and preparations Parameters: Volumen =440mL,Total membrane area (outside) = 0.015m2; Flux =20 L/m2*h; Flow valule= 5.0mL/min; Initial preparations • Familiarization with the fluorescence detector. • Determination of fluorescence signal with MU stock solution. Familiarization with the software : Clarity chromatography station Tests to find out how the software works

  11. Tasks / activities: Test and calibrate unit for enzyme measurement Perform experimental plan with small-scale test modules. Analysis and reporting of experimental results. Test at-line enzyme measurement with pilot scale membrane filtration systems.

  12. Thank you for your attention!!

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