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Chapter 2. New World Exploration. Essential Questions. What was the European background to the colonization of North America? What kind of an empire did the Spanish create in the New World, and why did it extend into North America?
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Chapter 2 New World Exploration
Essential Questions • What was the European background to the colonization of North America? • What kind of an empire did the Spanish create in the New World, and why did it extend into North America? • In what ways did the exchange of peoples, crops, animals, and diseases shape the experience of European colonists and American natives? • What was the French role in the beginning of the North American fur trade? • Why did England enter the race for the colonies?
What was going on in Western Europe on the eve of colonizing the new world? List as many things as you can think of from your knowledge of world history. 3 minutes…
Why explore (10 minutes)? • Based on what you have learned (and your prior knowledge), use the B.A.R. format to develop a thesis statement to answer the following essay question (feel free to use your book to help with names, dates, key words, and chronology). Analyze and explain the motivations of Western European monarchies in the 15th Century that launched what we now call the Age of Exploration.
What were the motivations for and consequences of Columbus’ later voyages (specifically as it relate to the native population)?
Columbus Source Document • Author: • Who created the source? • What do you know about the author? • What is the author’s point of view? • Place and Time: • Where and when was the source produced? • How might this affect the meaning of the source? • Prior Knowledge: • Beyond the text, what do you know to help you with the source? • Audience: • For whom was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source? • Reason: • Why was it produced? • The Main Idea: • What point is the source trying to convey? • Significance: • So, why is this source important?
Encomienda system • Indians labor and Spanish lords protect Indians Equivalent to slavery
New World or Old World? • Corn • Horses • Typhus • Turkey • Tobacco • Grapes • Sugar cane • Bananas • Coffee Beans • Peaches • Wheat • Bees • Whooping cough
The Columbian Exchange • What were the effects in the “New World?” • What were the effects in the “Old World?”
Drawing of victims of the smallpox epidemic that struck the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán in 1520
North America’s Indian and Colonial Populations in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
The Spanish New World Empire • Racially mixed population develops on a “frontier of inclusion.”
What were the key differences between France/England’s new world ambitions vs Spain?
This watercolor depicts the friendly relations between the Timucuas of coastal Florida and the colonists of the short-lived French colony of Fort Caroline
A Mi’kmaq Indian petroglyph or rock carving depicting a European vessel and crew
The Protestant Reformation and the First French Colonies • 1517: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation • Huguenots: Protestant John Calvin’s followers in France • Merchants and members of the middle class • Jean Ribault, planted first French colonies in South Carolina and Florida (religious refuge) • Spanish destroyed French colony in Florida. • 1565: Spanish St. Augustine established
Early English Efforts in the Americas • English “Sea Dogs” • Queen Elizabeth I founds colonies • Bases, no more trade with Asia, home for the homeless • Newfoundland and Roanoke.
