Cells Review guide: ER – Transport, Rough ER – helps with proteinsynthesis, Smooth ER - helps

1. Cells Review guide: • ER – Transport, Rough ER – helps with proteinsynthesis, Smooth ER - helps • with lipid synthesis. • 2. Cellular respiration • 3. Proteinsynthesis • 4. Makes ribosomes • 5. Form cytoskeleton, gives shape to the cell, helps move organelles around. • Microtubules help during cell division (form spindle fibers) • 6. Digestion - carry enzymes. • 7. Packages, sorts and ships out proteins to different locations in the cell. • 8. Replace ribosome with Centriole – helps during cell division. • Labels: • 1 – Nucleus • 2 – Microtubules 6 - Microfilaments • 3 – Mitochondrion 7 – Vesicle, can also be peroxisome/Vacuole • 4 – Rough ER 8 – Ribosomes • 5 – Lysosome 9 – Smooth ER • 10 – Cell membrane 11- Centriole

2. 2. A. Cell 3. Phagocytosis –The transport of solids into the cell. Pinocytosis – The transport of liquids into the cell. Facilitated diffusion – The movement of molecules across the cellmembrane with the concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins. Exocytosis – The movement of molecules out of the cell. 4. Active – movement of molecules against the [ ] gradient, uses energy - Endocytosis, exocytosis. Passive – movement of molecules with the [ ] gradient, does not use energy – diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion. 5. Double phosholipid layer with proteins. Has carbohydrate chains, it is selectively permeable. Only allows certain molecules into or out of the cell. It is referred to as being a fluid mosaic model.

3. 6. Diffusion – Movement of molecules from a higher [ ] to a lower [ ]. Osmosis – the movement of water from a higher [ ] to a lower [ ] through a selectively permeable membrane. 7. Interphase – G1, S, G2 – Cell is getting ready to divide – Cell Grows, DNA is replicated, proteins are made, centriole replicate. Mitosis – Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis – Cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells.

4. DNA replicates Interphase Interphase • Chromosomes condense … attached at centromere • Spindle apparatus begins to form; Nucleoli disappear, nuclear membrane disappear. Prophase • Centrioles opp. sides • chromos. line up at middle Metaphase Mitosis • Sister chromatids divide and • move to opposite sides of the cell. • Now known as chromosomes. Anaphase Cell Division Telophase • New nuclear membranes form; nucleoli appear, cell membrane pinches in. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis • Cytoplasm divides, • 2 daughter cells .. Identical to each other and parent cell

5. Centrioles • Appear as two dots located near the nucleus. • Forms spindle fibers during cell reproduction (mitosis/meiosis). • Microtubules form the spindle fibers – centromeres of chromosome attach here during cell division.

6. Chromatin All the DNA/proteins in nucleus … condenses to form chromosomes during Mitosis Chromatid Nucleus Sister chromatid Sister chromatid Chromosomes Condensed chromatin .. Either 2 sister chromatids or 1 chromatid

7. 14 and 15. Mitosis – cell division process in all somatic (body cells) • forms 2 daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes • as the original cell. (Diploid Diploid) • 14 and 16. Meiosis – Cell division process that takes place in the reproductive organs. Forms 4 daughter cells that have half of the number of chromosomes as the original cell – will develop into sex cellsor gametes (Diploid Haploid) • Egg formation – Only one cell develops into the ovum (egg), the other 3 are polar bodies and will disintegrate. (Oogenesis) • Sperm formation – All 4 cells will develop into sperm. (Spermatogenesis) • 18. See Cell Transport Review Question #1

8. Hypotonic – Water will move into the cell – swell and burst • Hypertonic – Water will leave the cell – shrink. • Isotonic – Cell will remain the same. • Interphase – D • Early prophase – A • Late prophase – F • Metaphase – C • Anaphase – E • Telophase – B