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Understanding Plant Nutrient Cycles and Water Flow in Nature

Explore the intricate cycles of plant nutrients and water, and how society's practices impact these vital flows. Learn about nutrient accumulation, hydrological cycles, fertilizer use, and the global impact of mineral fertilizers. Discover the significance of human and animal excreta in nutrient recycling and their contribution to agricultural sustainability.

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Understanding Plant Nutrient Cycles and Water Flow in Nature

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  1. Lecture 4.1 Cycles of plant nutrients and water How do plant nutrients and water flow in nature? How has these flows been changed by society? Goal: To be familiar with the natural cycles of plant nutrients and water and to know how different sanitation systems affect these cycles.

  2. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc N, P, K, S, etc

  3. Accumulation of nutrients

  4. Hydrological cycle Evaporation from open water www.fao.org/docrep/U8480E/U8480E3k.jpg

  5. Linear flow of plant nutrients in present food chain

  6. Fertiliser use • 40% of global food is produced with mineral fertiliser • Mainly NPK • N= 95 MT* • P= 8,5 MT* • Mineral fertiliser production • 1.2% of energy consumption • 1.2% of GHG emission • Lack micro-nutrient and humus *FAO 2006

  7. The nutrient content • Urine and faeces • Average earthling (Indian) • 2400cal/pers, day • Annual global nutrient consumption • N=20 MT 21% • P=2 MT 24% • The cost of nutrients 1 kg N • Farmer 0.7€ • STP 7€

  8. Quality of ground water in Kampala • Main water source – protected springs • Main toilet system – dug pit latrin • Most springs faecal contaminated

  9. By closing the loop - both leakage and input are minimised

  10. Crop nutrient removal

  11. Total protein and nitrogen supply in grams per person and day (FAO, 2001) in different regions and countries Protein (blue bar) Nitrogen (red bar)

  12. Excreta N from vegetal and animal sources (FAO, 1999), g/pers, day Vegetal protein Animal Protein

  13. Human & animal N, g/pers, day

  14. Contributions of human excreta & animal manure in % to their summed N flow

  15. Potential recycled excreta N & P as % of used commercial fertilizers Potential recycled N & P, % of commercial N & P Rockström et al., 2006

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