Specialized Business Information Systems

1. Specialized Business Information Systems Chapter 11

2. Learning Objectives • Define “artificial intelligence” (AI) • State the objective of developing AI systems • List the characteristics of intelligent behavior & compare natural & artificial performance for each • Identify the major types of AI systems & provide an example of each Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

3. Learning Objectives • List the characteristics and basic components of expert systems • Identify at least 3 factors to consider in evaluating the development of an expert system • Outline & explain the steps in developing an expert system • Identify benefits associated with expert system use Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

4. Learning Objectives • Define the term “virtual reality” and give three examples of virtual reality applications Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

5. An Overview of Artificial Intelligence

6. The Nature of Intelligence • Learn from experience & apply the knowledge • Handle complex situations • Solve problems when important information is missing • Determine what is important Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

7. The Nature of Intelligence • React quickly & correctly to new situations • Understand visual images • Process & manipulate symbols • Be creative & imaginative • Use heuristics Click here for a computer’s poem. Is it creative? Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

8. Figure 11.1

9. Table 11.1

10. Figure 11.2

11. The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence • Vision systems • Learning systems • Neural networks • Robotics Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

12. Figure 11.3

13. An Overview of Expert Systems

14. Figure 11.4

15. Characteristics of an Expert System • Can explain reasoning • Can provide portable knowledge • Can display “intelligent” behavior • Can draw conclusions from complex relationships • Can deal with uncertainty Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

16. Limitations of Expert Systems • Limited to narrow problems • Not widely used or tested • Hard to use • Cannot easily deal with “mixed” knowledge • Possibility of error Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

17. Limitations of Expert Systems • Cannot refine own knowledge base • Hard to maintain • Possible high development costs • Raise legal & ethical concerns Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

18. Fig 11.5

19. Fig 11.6

20. When to Use Expert Systems • High payoff • Preserve scarce expertise • Distribute expertise • Provide more consistency than humans • Faster solutions than humans • Training expertise Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

21. Fig 11.7

22. The Knowledge Base • Rules • Cases Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

23. Fig 11.8

24. Inference Engines • Backward chaining • Forward chaining Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

25. Fig 11.8

26. Fig 11.9

27. Fig 11.10

28. Fig 11.11

29. Fig 11.12

30. Table 11.2

31. Advantages of Expert Systems Shells and Products • Easy to develop & modify • Use of satisficing • Use of heuristics • Development by knowledge engineers & users Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

32. Figure 11.13

33. Applications of Expert Systems & AI • Credit granting • Shipping • Information management & retrieval • Embedded systems • Help desks & assistance Principles of Information Systems, Fifth Edition

35. Virtual Reality

36. Fig 11.14

37. Fig 11.15