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Nehemiah/Malachi

Nehemiah/Malachi. Where We Are in Our Journey. Last Three Weeks: Ezekiel 44 – 48 / Joel / Daniel 1 - 6 Daniel 7 – 12, Ezra 1-6 , Psalms 137, Haggai Zechariah , Esther, Ezra 7-10. Where We're Going in Our Journey. This Week: Nehemiah , Psalms 126, Malachi Remaining:

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Nehemiah/Malachi

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  1. Nehemiah/Malachi

  2. Where We Are in Our Journey Last Three Weeks: • Ezekiel 44 – 48 / Joel / Daniel 1 - 6 • Daniel 7 – 12, Ezra 1-6, Psalms 137, Haggai • Zechariah,Esther, Ezra 7-10

  3. Where We're Going in Our Journey This Week: Nehemiah,Psalms 126, Malachi Remaining: December 28 – Transition class

  4. 1. Beginnings 4. Exodus 6. Conquest 5. Wanderings 2. Patriarchs 7. Judges 3. Bondage O. T. TIMELINE (1):

  5. Israel 722 BC 9. Divided Kingdom Judah Alone Judah O. T. TIMELINE (2): Samaria Falls 8. United Kingdom 10. Captivity 11. Return WE ARE HERE

  6. Extent of the Medo-Persian Empire

  7. Persian / World Chronology (559) (Ahasuerus/Artaxerxes) Chronological & Background Charts of the Old Testament by John H. Walton, Zondervan 1994 ~480BC Deaths of Buddha (India) & Confucius (China) (Ahasuerus)

  8. Chronological & Background Charts of the Old Testament by John H. Walton, Zondervan 1994

  9. The Return from Captivity - Timeline 536 516 458 444 432+ 430? 606 “Rebuild the Temple” 483 473 “Rebuild the Walls” “Restore God’s Law” Esther Ezra 1-6 Exile Ezra 7-10 Malachi Haggai Nehemiah Zechariah 2nd return to Jerusalem 3rd return to Jerusalem Jews Released 1st return to Jerusalem Cyrus II C Darius I Xerxes I Artaxerxes I

  10. Ezra Part Two, Chapters 7-10: (Elapsed Time – One Year, 7:9-10:17) - Nelson’s Complete Book of Bible Maps & Charts, 1993 Thomas Nelson, Inc.

  11. Nehemiah Background • Early Heb. manuscripts joined Ezra & Nehe-miah, but Neh. clearly written in 1st person • Nehemiah served as cupbearer to King Artaxerxes of Persia in Sushan (Susa) • Received permission to return & rebuild Jerusalem in 20th yr. of King (445-444 B.C.) • Appointed governor in Judah for 12 years • Ezra served as priest and scribe at this time • Returned to King in Persia ~ 432 B.C. (13:6) • Back to Jerusalem “after some time” and lead more reforms (post-Malachi?)

  12. Nehemiah - Main Outline • Nehemiah leads reconstruction of the walls of Jerusalem, Ch. 1-7 • Preparation, 1:1-2:20 • Reconstruction, 3:1-7:73 • Record of builders, 3:1-32 • Opposition to the building, 4:1-6:14 • Walls completed, 6:15-19 • Jerusalem organized, 7:1-4 • Citizens enrolled acc. to genealogies, 7:5-73

  13. Nehemiah - Main Outline • Ezra and Nehemiah lead spiritual restoration of the people of Judah, Ch. 8-13 • Ezra reads the law / feasts restored, Ch. 8 • The covenant is reaffirmed, Ch. 9-10 • Jerusalem is resettled, Ch. 11 • Record of the priests and Levites, 12:1-26 • Dedication of the wall, 12:27-47 • Further restoration / separation of the people, Ch. 13

  14. Jerusalem in the Time of Nehemiah

  15. What Did the Wall Look Like? Western or “Wailing” Wall of Jerusalem (Herod)

  16. More Likely Wall Construction Ruins of “Broad Wall” dating to 8th Century B.C. (Hezekiah?) May have been 25 ft. high / 23 ft. thick

  17. Sheep Fish Horse N Old Water Fountain Valley Dung Work on the Gates and Walls of Jerusalem (Ch. 3)

  18. Lessons/Themes from Nehemiah • “Let us arise and build” (2:18) • Importance of dedicated leadership, focused on the task at hand • Problems, pains, prayers, & perseverance • Don’t be afraid; Our God will fight for us • Help of God in the face of opposition (6:16) (Ridicule / intimidation & fear / financial hardships / assassination plots / libel / temptation / fraternization with enemies) • Sanballat (Samaria) & Tobiah (Ammon) • Spiritual restoration / Covenant with God

  19. Prophets Memory Key • 4 Major Prophets: • Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel • 12 Minor Prophets: Hosea* Joel Amos* Obadiah Jonah* Micah * Prophets to Israel Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah ----- Haggai Zechariah Malachi

  20. Malachi Background • Malachi means “My Messenger” • No other information is given about the man • Exact date uncertain, but message fits problems addressed by Nehemiah on his return, 432-425 B.C. (Compare with Neh. 13) • Unique style among the prophets: Didactic-Dialectic (Proposition/Objection/Reply), an exposition style later adopted in synagoges • Frequent (25) references to “the Lord” / “the Lord of Hosts” as the prophet’s source

  21. They Said / God Said: Wherein have You loved us? 1:2 How have we despised Your name? 1:6 How have we defiled You? 1:7 Why is God displeased with us? 2:14 I chose Jacob over Esau 1:2-4 You are presenting defiled bread on altar 1:7 You despise worship, it’s tiresome to you 1:7-14 You divorced own wives & married pagans 2:11-16

  22. They Said / God Said: How have we wearied Him? 2:17 How shall we return? 3:7 How have we robbed You? 3:8 What have we spoken against You? 3:13 You say that evil is good, 2:17 Keep My statutes, 3:7 In tithes and offerings, 3:8 You say it is vain to serve God, 3:14

  23. Malachi - Main Sections • Condemnation of the priest’s faithlessness, 1:1-2:9 • The Lord’s love for Israel, 1:2-5 • Rebuke of the priests & the people, 1:6-14 • Priests threatened with a curse, 2:1-9 • Mixed marriages & divorces condemned, 2:10-16 • The Day of the Lord – Condemnation of religious indifference and skepticism, 2:17-4:6 • The Lord’s approach in judgment, 2:17-3:6 • Wrongful withholding of tithes and offerings, 3:7-12 • God defends His justice – “the day is coming”, 3:13-4:3 • Closing admonitions and promises, 4:4-6

  24. Malachi - Themes • Ritual worship not acceptable • Better to shut the doors of the temple than give half-hearted worship to God • Indifference and skepticism rebuked • Condemnation of divorce and intermarriage with pagan neighbors • Withholding God’s portion = robbery • The day of the Lord is coming, who can endure?

  25. Psalm 126 • Captives set free – like a dream • Filled with laughter and joy • God given credit • Remembrance of others • Promise of blessings • Sow in tears / reap with joy • “We shall come rejoicing, bringing in the sheaves”

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