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TOPIC 9: POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMS & HOUSING POLICIES FEM3106 SOCIAL POLICY & THE LAW

TOPIC 9: POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMS & HOUSING POLICIES FEM3106 SOCIAL POLICY & THE LAW. DR MUSLIHAH HASBULLAH. POVERTY– SYNDROM/SITUATION. Food shortages Low health status Low income Unemployment Unsafe housing conditions. POVERTY– SYNDROM/SITUATION. Low level of education

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TOPIC 9: POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMS & HOUSING POLICIES FEM3106 SOCIAL POLICY & THE LAW

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  1. TOPIC 9: POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMS & HOUSING POLICIESFEM3106SOCIAL POLICY & THE LAW DR MUSLIHAH HASBULLAH

  2. POVERTY– SYNDROM/SITUATION Food shortages Low health status Low income Unemployment Unsafe housing conditions

  3. POVERTY– SYNDROM/SITUATION Low level of education Jobs are not guaranteed Negative attitude of life Old-fashioned mind It is formed as a result of economic and social environment as well as the general goals of society to be achieved through anti-poverty policy.

  4. KAJIAN SEPARUH PENGGALRANCANGAN MALAYSIA KESEMBILAN2006-2010 Kemiskinan mutlak di Malaysia terus berkurang. Insiden kemiskinan keseluruhandikalanganrakyat Malaysia telahberkurangdaripada 5.7 peratus pada tahun 2004 kepada 3.6 peratus pada tahun 2007. Jumlah isi rumahmiskinberkurangsebanyak 33 peratusdaripada 311,300 kepada209,000 hasildaripadapertumbuhanekonomi yang mantapsertapelaksanaan pelbagai program dan projek pembasmian kemiskinan.

  5. Insidenkemiskinandi Sabah telahberkurangdaripada 23 peratuskepada16 peratus, manakaladi Sarawak berkurangdaripada 7.5 peratuskepada4.2 peratus. Kemiskinan tegar berkurang daripada 1.2 peratus pada tahun 2004 kepada 0.7 peratuspadatahun 2007. Bilanganisirumahmiskintegarjugaberkurang sebanyak 43 peratus daripada 67,300 kepada 38,400 dalam tempoh yang sama.

  6. POVERTY LINE INCOME (PLI) According to Human Rights Commissioner, Dr Denison Jayasooria - the actual rate is above 30%. Why? The calculations of the Poverty Line Income (PLI), which only take into account the basic needs (keperluanasas) regardless of the household standard of living (tarafhidupisirumah) is not right - do not reflect the real situation of the poor.

  7. …con’t • Developed countries such as Sweden & S'pore – the PLI is the average household income divided by 2. • If in M'sia: average household income is RM3, 686 ÷ 2 = RM1, 843. • PLI 2005: RM720 (Peninsular), RM960 (Sabah): RM830 (S'wak). • Increased cost of living in the city caused the rate prescribed for the PLI is not realistic. • Quality of life of the family is not dependent on the basic needs but also consider other facilities such as refrigerator, TV, computer, etc..

  8. THE NATIONAL MISSION 2006-2020 Vision 2020 MAJOR ECONOMIC POLICIES Total Development Enhancing Nation’s Capability ~ unity, distribution & quality of life Building a Resilient & Competitive Nation : To raise quality of development & generate high sustainable growth National Vision Policy (NVP) OPP3 (2001-2010) National Development Policy (NDP) Balanced Development : To establish a more united & just society OPP2 (1991-2000) New Economic Policy (NEP) Growth with Equity : To eradicate poverty & restructure of society OPP1 (1971-1990) Post- independence 1957-70 • Laissez-faire / export-oriented • Economic and rural development 8

  9. POVERTY-RELATED POLICIES Outline Perspectives Plan 1 (NEP): 1970-1990. Outline Perspectives Plan 2 (DPB): 1991-2000. Outline Perspectives Plan 3: 2000 -2010. New Economic Model introduced under the Economic Transformation Plan (ETP): 2010-2020

  10. http://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/eco_stat/pdf/nem.pdfhttp://www.epu.gov.my/html/themes/epu/images/common/pdf/eco_stat/pdf/nem.pdf http://www.kpkk.gov.my/pdf/artikel/model_ekonomi_baru.pdf

  11. YAYASAN BASMI KEMISKINAN • Established under the Trust Act, Ordinance 1952 • NGO involved directly to help the hard core poor in Selangor & all over M’sia. • Programs: • Desa Kasih • Lindungan Kasih • Program Pemulihan Sikap • D’Kasih Cafe • Program Kesihatan • Peningkatan pendapatan http://www.ybk.org.my/

  12. YAYASAN BASMI KEMISKINAN • YBK programs in education training: • Asrama Kasih Serendah • Asrama Kasih Gesir • Kuntum • Fastrack • Kolej Komuniti YBK • Skim Kesejahteraan Rakyat

  13. AMANAH IKHTIAR • A Private Trust bodies established on 17 September 1987 by SuratcaraPerjanjian AIM (a microcredit organization). • Registered under the Trustees (Incorporation) Act 1952 (amended 1981) (Act 258). • It was jointly established by UniversitiSains Malaysia, the Malaysian Islamic Economic Development Foundation (YPEIM), the State Government of Selangor and the Asia Pacific Development Centre.

  14. AmanahIkhtiar is modelled after Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It helps the hardcore poor by helping them venture into businesses with its micro-credit loans. The body is monitored by the Finance Ministry and has 230,000 members to date. Since its inception in 1986, AmanahIkhtiar has disbursed nearly RM3.5 billion worth of loans. The smallest loan is RM500, while the highest that one can borrow is RM50,000.

  15. …con’t • Objective: To reduce poverty in Malaysia through the funding efforts for poor households in rural areas to finance activities that increase their income. • RMK 8 - AIM provides micro-credit amounting to RM1.02 million to 147.544 players through 69 branches and 3,962 service centers throughout the country. • Participants are women and single mothers in rural areas. • RMK 9 - Aims to help the hardcore poverty and halving the poverty rate to 2.8% by 2010.

  16. …con’t • Among the schemes offered: • Skim I-Wawasan • Skim I-Wibawa • Skim I-Srikandi • Skim I-Mesra • Skim I-Bestari • Skim I-Sejahtera • Skim I-Penyayang

  17. AIM is looking for serious people who are below the poverty line to start businesses in any thing. Borrowers do not have to come with guarantee letters and the interest rates are nominal, at 1 per cent per month. For the urban poor they have to be below the household income bracket of RM2,000 per household per month.

  18. for those in rural areas they have to come under the the state poverty level, which differs from one state to another. Those who are 16 years old and above are eligible for the loan. Interested applicants must form a group of five applicants before approaching AmanahIkhtiar for loans, of which all five members will also be entitled for such loans to start their own businesses.

  19. RESEARCH ON AIM • Impact of AmanahIkhtiar Malaysia’s Microcredit Schemes on Microenterprise Assets in Malaysia • http://www.eurojournals.com/irjfe_60_12.pdf • International Research Journal of Finance and Economics • ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 60 (2010)

  20. TEKUN Nasional • TabungEkonomi Kumpulan Usaha Niaga established under the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. • http://www.tekun.gov.my/web/guest/home • Established as a result of the resolution of the KonvensyenEkonomiBumiputeraPulau Pinang 1994 in USM which suggested that an additional capital loan delivery system with a simple, fast and cheap without burdening the small entrepreneurs (Bumiputra). 1995, USM began the pioneer project in PP; Jeli, 1995 ; Besut 1997 and in 1998 it was expanded.

  21. VISION, MISSION & FUNCTION VISION TEKUN Nasional as a superior strategic entrepreneur development institution. MISSION Providing micro financing and support services towards entrepreneurial development. FUNCTIONS To provide easy business financing. To provide business opportunities and entrepreneurial information. To provide support services and guidance to entrepreneurs who participate in TEKUN’s programS. To develop a progressive and dynamic TEKUN Entrepreneur community and business network. To instil entrepreneurship culture among Malaysians. To encourage savings lifestyle among TEKUN’s entrepreneurs

  22. ZAKAT & POVERTY MAIWP menerusiBaitul Mal berperanandanbertanggungjawabdarisegimengagihkanwangzakat yang diterimakepadagolonganasnaf yang layak. Baitulmal MAIWP ditubuhkanmenerusiperuntukanSeksyen 60(1) Akta 505 [AktaPentadbiranUndang-undang Islam Wilayah-wilayah Persekutuan . Kaedah2 BaitulmaltelahdibuatuntukmemudahkanpengurusanBaitulmal. http://www.maiwp.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-korporat-mainmenu-38/bahagian-mainmenu-129/baitulmal-mainmenu-117.html

  23. LembagaZakat Selangor: www.e-zakat.com.my/ TabungBaitul Mal Sarawak (TBS): www.tabung-baitulmal-sarawak.org.my/

  24. HOUSING POLICIES IN MALAYSIA Refer to article by Teck-Hong Tan, Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, Vol. 7(1) 2011. Title: Sustainability and Housing Provision in Malaysia http://www.na-businesspress.com/JSIS/TanWeb.pdf

  25. HOUSING DEVELOPMENT & POLICIES IN M’SIA Malaysia is a multi-cultural country with 3 basic racial-religious groups. The housing industry has to take this into consideration in the housing development and planning. The residential patterns of the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia are noticeable due to their economic activities 30 years ago. For example, most of the Malays live in rural areas, most of the Chinese live in urban areas and most Indians live in rubber and oil palm estate.

  26. In order to change these stereotypes of the ethnic groups in the country, New Economic Policies (NEP) were implemented in 1970. The overriding objective of NEP is to foster national unity and nation-building through the eradication of poverty, irrespective of race, and the restructuring of society to eliminate the identification of race with economic function and geographic location.

  27. The Malaysian government encouraged the Malays to migrate to urban centers as part of the NEP strategy: to change the character of urban population which was dominated by the Chinese and also as part of the strategy to create a new Malay commercial community in urban area. The rapid rate of rural Malay migration to urban center in the 80s has caused the growing demand for affordable housing in many cities. The urban migration has resulted in a severe shortage in affordable housing. The urban poor have responded to the shortage by the formation of extensive slum and squatter settlements.

  28. In an effort to reduce slum and squatter settlements and meet basic housing need for all Malaysians particularly for the low-income groups, housing policies and programs must be formulated to ensure that all have access to adequate housing. This led to the development of the housing policies in Malaysia…

  29. Housing Policies Since 20 years ago

  30. How to address the Housing Provision Issues? A massive construction of medium & high cost housing projects. The problem of abandoned housing projects. Affordable housing financing. Liberalizing the EPF withdrawal for down payment & mortgage payment. Housing projects must be accompanied with integrated amenities & employment opportunities.

  31. Apply the 10-90 system: Customer sign the S&P, pay 10% deposit, no more payment made until house is completed with Cert. of Completion & Compliance, water, electricity & vacant possession with keys. Applicable laws to arrest failed housing developers, such as forfeit such land, so the forfeited project can be revived immediately.

  32. ProjekPerumahanUntuk Rakyat - SPNB Rumahuntukrakyatberpendapatanrendah: Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad (SPNB) komiteduntukmembinarumahbgrakyatberpendapatanrendah. Rumahmampumilikberhargatidakmelebihi RM300,000. 3 program utamaygdilaksanakan: -Program RumahMesra Rakyat 1Malaysia (RMR1M) - Program RumahMampuMilik (RMM) -Pemulihanprojekterbengkalai.

  33. Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) PR1MA BerhadditubuhkanselarasdgnAkta PR1MA 2012. Bertanggungjawabmerancang, membangun, membinadanmenyelenggaraperumahangayahidupberpatutanuntukrakyatberpendapatansederahana (pendapatanbulananisirumah RM2500-RM7500) dikawasanbandar-bandarutama. Rumah yang ditawarkanberhargaantara RM100,000-RM400,000.

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