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Social and Religious Backgrounds of the Gospels

Social and Religious Backgrounds of the Gospels. I.  Literary and Cultural Background. A.  Old Testament 1.  Law The Torah and Historical Books      2.  Psalms The poetic and Wisdom books      3.  Prophets Major (5) and Minor (12). I.  Literary and Cultural Background.

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Social and Religious Backgrounds of the Gospels

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  1. Social and Religious Backgrounds of the Gospels

  2. I.  Literary and Cultural Background A.  Old Testament 1.  Law The Torah and Historical Books      2.  Psalms The poetic and Wisdom books      3.  Prophets Major (5) and Minor (12)

  3. I.  Literary and Cultural Background B.  Intertestamental / Apocryphal Literature         1.  Histories - Maccabees         2.  Moral tales - Tobit, Judith         3.  Apocalypses - 2 Esdras, 1 Enoch         4.  Wisdom - Ecclesiasticus, Sirach

  4. Sects and Classes in Palestine A.  Religious Sects     1.  Pharisees - upheld authority of both the Old Testament and the traditions of the elders.  Less political than Sadducees. Spiritual heirs of the Maccabean revolt.

  5. Sects and Classes in Palestine A.  Religious Sects     2.  Sadducees - upheld only the OT as religious authority.  More political, tended to be Herodians.  Political heirs of the Maccabean revolt.     3.  Essenes - OT plus the teachings of their own rabbis.  Isolationists, extremely conservative, separatists but not normally violent.

  6. Qumran and the Essene Community Ruins of an Essene enclave on the Dead Sea, not far from Qumran and the location of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

  7. Sects and Classes in Palestine B.  Political Orientations    1.  Herodians - more of an attitude than a political party.  Upheld the "status quo" of Roman/Herodian rule. Perceived by the radical Zealots as collaborators, they became targets of terrorist activity in the years leading up to the Jewish War of 66-70 A.D.

  8. Sects and Classes in Palestine B.  Political Orientations    2.  Zealots and Sicarii - violent revolutionaries. C.  Common People (95%) - just wanted to get along in peace. A Sicarius with his dagger

  9. III.  Religious Leaders and Institutions A.  Scribes and Rabbis    1.  Disciples - obeyed, imitated, and mem-orized the teaching of their rabbi.    2.  Oral Traditions - passed on verbatim, eventually collected into "talmuds," be-coming a part of the "traditions of the elders."

  10. III.  Religious Leaders and Institutions B.  Priests and the temple rituals C.  Synagogues - center of daily worship and community life.  Officers were ordinary people, not priests or rabbis.

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