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Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny. Chapter 9. People. Junipero Serra Catholic missionary who established missions in the states of California, Texas, and New Mexico His missions helped with the growth of 2 major Californian agricultural centers San Jose Los Angeles Jedediah Smith

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny Chapter 9

  2. People • Junipero Serra • Catholic missionary who established missions in the states of California, Texas, and New Mexico • His missions helped with the growth of 2 major Californian agricultural centers • San Jose • Los Angeles • Jedediah Smith • Member of the “Mountain Men” • Young beaver fur trappers in the Rocky Mountains • Helped establish new routes to cross through the Rockies • Crossed through the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada Mountains while reaching California • “California Trail” • Traded with Mexicans • Brigham Young • Took over for Joseph Smith in the quest for finding a Mormon holy land • 30 years as president of Mormon Church • 8 years as president of Utah Territory • Stephen F. Austin • American expiditionist who led settlers east of San Antonio. Founded Austin, Texas

  3. People • Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Mexican military general who seizes power in Mexico City • Centralized power under his authority • Leads the Mexican army into Texas , attacking a small garrison at the Alamo • Sam Houston • Only American to serve as governor of two states, Tennessee and Texas • 1st president of Texas • James K. Polk • US President (Jacksonian Democrat) • Expansionist • Campaign goals of annexing Texas and Oregon Territory • Zachary Taylor • American general who leads troops into Texas in Mexican-American War • Excellently trained at West Point

  4. People Junior officers in Mexican-American War, but their presence will definitely be felt in the Civil War • WinsfieldScott • General in Mexican-American War • Robert E. Lee • Ulysses S. Grant • William T. Sherman • David Wilmot • Whig congressmen of Pennsylvania who proposes law, Wilmot Proviso • Bans slavery in any new lands won from Mexico • Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California • Largely disputed, really disliked

  5. Timeline of Events • Moving westward…. into Spanish territory • New Mexico • Territory filled with an abundance of nomadic Native Americans • This made settling NM less appealing • Colonists depended on Pueblos for protection from other tribes • At its height, 9,600 Hispanics and 14,000 Pueblos living before and among American colonists • Disease reduces the Pueblo population to 10,000 in just 65 years • As we get into the 1800s, Apaches flee from other tribes into NM for safety, raiding Pueblo and Mexican settlements • Spanish government protected Spanish settlements through stronger defenses and bribing • Texas • Established as a buffer zone between Mexican land south of the Rio Grande River • California • Created as buffer to protect the region from Russian traders traveling south from Alaska • Lacking colonists, the Spanish choose to instead convert natives to Christianity to settle and develop the land for them

  6. As we move westward • We defend our actions using the term MANIFEST DESTINY • It is and always will be our God given, natural, clear right to expand as far as we humanly possibly can within North America • We open up trade with both natives and Spanish • Despite Mexican apprehension, northern Mexican settlements encouraged it • Promoted economic growth for everyone involved • Spanish gained manufactured goods • Americans gained horses, mules, furs, silver • Known as Santa Fe Trail • We start expanding into the mountains • Mountain Men create trade with their crazy obsession of beaver • The environment of the mountains made beaver pelts the warmest thing you could find yourself in

  7. Timeline of events • Oregon and all the wagons that went there • Oregon Trail • Mostly farmers who took this turn, north at the South Pass (Rocky Mtns) • Journey was always a gamble. Get stuck somewhere in the mountains during the winter and end up having to stay there until Spring • ~ 260,000 eventually made this journey

  8. Timeline of Events • Texas • To develop and defend the province Mexico encourages Americans to come settle the land • You did have to agree to be Mexican citizen, Roman Catholic, accept Mexican constitution, banned slavery • So, Stephen F. Austin brings thousands of American settlers to the state • By 1835, 30,000 Americans in Texas • Outnumbered natives (tejanos) 6:1 • Texas Revolt • New inhabitants decide to declare independence and create new republic, Lone Star Republic • Santa Anna brings in Mexican military and crushes new republic, slaughtering many of the resisting inhabitants • Totally backfires on Santa Anna • The mass killings of Texans brings waves of people to Texas to “Remember the Alamo” • Sam Houston in Battle of San Jacinto kills 630, captures 730 (only lost 32) • James K. Polk makes annexing Texas and Oregon his priority

  9. Timeline of events • It looks really good for us • Mexico is backwards 3rd world nation, we are industrialized • Better, larger navy, more awesome artillery (things that go boom) • Superior military officers (they all end up being Boss’ in the Civil War) • US wins every single major battle • Army secures New Mexico while Navy gains control of California • Within half a year, we secure all of Polk’s goals • He wants more!! • Sends military into Mexico. It ends with American capture of Mexico City • Mexican American War • Congress decides to annex Texas • Used boundaries that tripled the size of traditional Texas • Obviously, Mexico not thrilled • Congress declares war, Polk sends troops • Zack Taylor goes down to Texas, waits for violence • Mexico kills 11 Americans, declaration of war from Congress signed, sealed, delivered • South is thrilled with war, North thinks we started this mess

  10. Timeline of events • Territorial Expansion • Gadsden Purchase • President Pierce authorized James Gadsden’s ambitions to expand the territory of the American South West through purchase • Gadsden wants this land because he his highly invested (and the president of) in the South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company • This purchase would allow him transport ($$$) into new lands • Purchase of land that becomes New Mexico and Arizona for the purpose of a continental railroad • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Forced Mexico to give up northern 1/3rd of country • Added 1.2 million square miles • Wilmot Proviso (go back to David Wilmot)

  11. Timeline of Events • California Gold Rush • 80,000 fortune seekers (49ers) head to California with the hopes of finding gold and striking it rich • Half by land, half by sea • News of gold brought immigrants from the Pacific Rim, South America • It was a hard days night • Used cheap metal pans, pick axes, shovels at first, swishing water around the pans once harvested, hoping to clean off the gold so that the sun would make it sparkle • Placer mining • Massive price hikes on everything from clothes to food • Mines acted as police as well as judge, jury, and executioner • New methods improve results • Hydraulic mining allows for hills to be cleared quicker • Effects of it all • Mexican discrimination • California statehood

  12. Other Vocab • Expansionists • People who favored territorial expansion • Treaty of Fort Laramie • Moved Indians to territories away from primary trails that Americans were using to move west

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