The periodic table of elements

1. The periodic table of elements Alkali metals, earth metals, halogens, and noble gases

2. The Periodic Table Proposed by Mendeleev

3. Groups and Families • Elements in the same column have similar chemical characteristics. • Periodic means repeated pattern of characteristics. • There are 18 families on the periodic table.

4. The Periodic Table 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 Group or Family

5. The Periodic Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rowsarecalledperiods.

6. Names and Symbols • Element names have symbols with 1-3 letters • The FIRST letter is always capitalized. • The rest of the letters are always lowercase.

7. Groups and Periods • Period tell you the number of main energy level • Group tells you the number of valance electrons • Valence electrons are electrons in the outer most energy level

8. Metals • Located generally on the left and center of the periodic table. • Generally solid at room temperature • Grayish Color, shiny surface, and conduct electricity. • Ductile and Malleable • Most elements are metals.

9. Nonmetal • Does not conduct electricity. • Generally gases at room temperature • Located on the right side of the periodic table. • Brittle • Dull

10. The Periodic Table Metalloidshave properties of metals as well as nonmetals.

11. The Periodic Table Transition Elements Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group)

12. The Periodic Table Lanthanide Actinide Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear reactions

13. Alkali Metals 1A

14. Proprieties • Very reactive • Explode when exposed to water • Do not occur alone in nature • One electron in outer shell • Softer then most metals • Lithium least reactive • Francium most reactive • Needs to lose 1 e- to be like a noble gas

15. Alkali Metals Lithium (Li) • Discovered in 1817 by Johann Arfvedson • Uses: batteries, ceramics, medicine Sodium (Na) • Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: medicine, agriculture, streetlights, cosmetic products Potassium (K) • Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: glass, soap, fertilizer, matches

16. Alkali metals continued Rubidium(Rb) • Discovered in 1861 by R. Bunsen • Uses: catalyst, photocells, special kinds of glasses and lasers Cesium (Cs) • Discovered in 1860 by FustovKirchoff • Uses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes, atomic clocks, treating certain cancers, infrared lamps Francium (Fr) • Discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Derey • Uses: none known • radioactive

17. Alkaline Earth Metals IIA or 2

18. Proprities • Have an oxidation number of +2 • Very reactive • Not as reactive as Alkali metals • Not found in nature • Two electrons in outer shell • Soft metal • Low-density • Need to lose 2 electrons to be like a noble gas

19. Earth metals Beryllium (Be) • Discovered in 1798 by Fredrich Wohler • Uses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft Magnesium (Mg) • Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Necessary for the growth and metabolism of most living organisms • Uses: airplanes, missiles Calcium (Ca) • Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: cement, plaster, bones, teeth, shells

20. Earth metals continued Strontium (Sr) • Discovered in 1790 by A. Crawford • Uses: in pyrotechnics (fireworks), magnets, medicine, flares, crimson color Barium (Ba) • discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy • Uses: Pyrotechnics (fireworks), paint, radiology, medine Radium (Ra) • Discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie • Uses: Medicine, cancer treatment, radioactive

21. Halogens VII or 17

22. Proprities • Non-metallic • “halogen” meaning “salt-former” • Have 7 electrons in their outer shell • Oxidation number of -1 • At room temperature, exist in a solid, liquid, and gas form • Fluorine most reactive and Astatine least reactive • Needs to gain 1 e- to be like a noble gas

23. halogens Fluorine (F) • Discovered in 1886 by Joseph Henri Moissan • Uses: refrigerants, in toothpaste Chlorine (Cl) • Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele • Uses: water purification, bleaches • Gas Bromine (Br) • Discovered in 1826 by Antoine J. Balard • Poisonous • liquid

24. Halogens continued Iodine (I) • Discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois • Essential in humans • solid Astatine (At) • Discovered in 1940 by D.R. Corson • Uses: none known • Man-made • radioactive

25. Noble Gases VIII or 18

26. Proprities • Oxidation number of 0 • Have maximum number of electrons in outer shell • Stable • unreactive

27. Noble gases Helium (He) • Discovered in 1895 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: balloons, deep sea diving, in stars Neon (Ne) • Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: lighting (neon lights), liquid coolant Argon (Ar) • Discovered in 1894 by Sir William Ramsay • Lighting, welding • Most abundant

28. Noble gasses continued Krypton (Kr) • Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: photography, incandescent lamps Xenon (Xe) • Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay • Uses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers, lasers • Rarest gas in the atmosphere Radon (Rn) • Discovered in 1898 by Fredrich Ernst Dorn • Uses: treating cancer • radioactive

29. Fill in the Periodic Table • Color and label the following • Color in the boxes for Metals as green • Color in the boxes for Non – metals as light orange • Color in the boxes for the Metalloids as light purple • With a black pen trace the staircase • Alkali Metals ~ Outline boxes in blue • Alkaline Earth Metals ~ Outline boxes in yellow • Halogens ~ Outline boxes in brown • Noble Gases ~ Outline boxes in red

30. B Si Ge As Sb Te At