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III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya)

III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya). III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - climate: Dry; low sea levels; one large supercontinent beginning to break up. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - inverts:

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III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya)

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  1. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya)

  2. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - climate: Dry; low sea levels; one large supercontinent beginning to break up

  3. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - inverts: - marine communities - gastropods and molluscs begin to dominate in these initially depauperate faunas... the 'modern marine fauna', including modern reef-builders

  4. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Plants: - recovery from the mass extinction is slow; lycopsids dominate early, but soil formation is very slow... - dry climate selects for seed plants with pollen; the Gymnosperms... Petrified Forest N. P.

  5. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - Medium sized therapsids dominate early... like Lystrosaurus

  6. Triassic survivors Pelycosaurs Dicynodonts Gorgonopsids Therapsids Cynodonts Mammals

  7. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - Medium sized therapsids dominate early... like Lystrosaurus - Temnospondyls resurgent (Mastodonosaurus - 6m)

  8. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - radiation of the diapsids, but only Ichthyosaurs abundant early Archosaurs: Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs, Crocodilians, Birds Lepidosaurs: Lizards, Snakes, Sphenodonts, Plesiosaurs) Diapsida Ichthyosaurs Younginiformes

  9. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - the opening of the shallow Tethys Sea between Laurasia and Gondwanaland created a very productive marine environment, which was exploited by a diverse group of evolving marine reptiles in the three major diapsid groups:

  10. Archeosaurs: Tanystropheus III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - marine reptiles: Ichthyosaurs Lepidosaurs: Nothosaurus Placodonts

  11. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - marine reptiles: Shonisaurus - 21m (Blue Whale = 33m, 110 ft) Lepidosaurs: Nothosaurus

  12. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. crucrotarsi Crocodylomorphs (Ornithosuchans and Phytosaurs) Pterosaurs Ornithodira (Marasuchas) Dinosaurs

  13. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. - Crocodylomorphs:

  14. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. - In the late Triassic, the first Dinosaur radiations occur. Ornithichians Prosauropods Saurichians Sauropods Theropods

  15. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. - In the late Triassic, the first Dinosaur radiations occur. Ornithischians Ornithichians Prosauropods Sauropods Theropods

  16. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. - In the late Triassic, the first Dinosaur radiations occur. Saurischians Ornithichians Prosauropods Sauropods Theropods

  17. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. - In the late Triassic, the first Dinosaur radiations occur. Oldest Dinosaurs are the Theropod-like Eoraptor

  18. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - As the Triassic proceeds, the Archosaurs displace the Therapsids. - In the late Triassic, the first Dinosaur radiations occur. The first radiation of large dinosaurs were the herbivorous Prosauropods By the late Triassic, all large herbivores were Sauropodomorphs.

  19. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) - Verts: - the first mammaliforms... Morganucodontids

  20. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Climate: A global greenhouse - lush tropical habitats and rich shallow seas lead to the period of maximum Dinosaur domination.

  21. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Marine Reptiles: Ichthyosaurs still present...

  22. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Marine Reptiles: but now joined by Plesiosaurs and Pliosaurs (both Lepidosaurs)

  23. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Marine Reptiles: and marine crocodylians....

  24. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Herbivores: Ornithichian Stegosaurs

  25. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Herbivores: Sauropods - the first of the real giants 1, small head and peg-like teeth (and elongated cervical vertebrae) 2, addition of extra cervical vertebrae to the neck 3, apron-like pubis 4, fore limbs as long as or longer than hind limbs, making the back slope posteriorly 5, teeth restricted to front of mouth 6, armor.

  26. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Herbivores: Sauropods - the first of the real giants Ultrasaurus (maybe a Brachiosaurus) stood 98 ft long, 140 tons

  27. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Herbivores: Sauropods - the first of the real giants Diplodocus - 90 ft long 11 tons

  28. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Carnivores: 1. three-toed foot2. digits IV and V lost on hand3. long arms4. semilunate carpal5. fused pelvis6. large hole in lacrimal bone in skull7. ?no unique derived characters?8. giant, hook-like claw on digit II of pes9. flight feathers

  29. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Carnivores: - Ceratosaurs Ceratosaurus

  30. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Carnivores: - Carnosaurs Allosaurus

  31. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Carnivores: - Avialae Archaeopteryx

  32. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Carnivores: - Avialae Archaeopteryx First fossil - 1860 - a flight feather (asymmetrical)

  33. The 'London' Specimen - 1861 The 'Berlin' Specimen - 1877

  34. 10th specimen described in 2005 - shows intermediately rotated halux

  35. 10th specimen described in 2005 - shows intermediately rotated halux and hyperextended 2nd digit (like Deinonychosaurs - their sister clade)

  36. 10th specimen described in 2005 - shows intermediately rotated halux and hyperextended 2nd digit (like Deinonychosaurs - their sister clade)

  37. Hand Morphology A. Herrerasaurus- five digits are present, Digit V shaded yellow and hidden on other side of hand. B. Coelophysis. Note that digit V is gone. C. Deinonychus. Note loss of both digits V and IV D. Archaeopteryx. Note very close correspondence in proportions and relative lengths of bones to Deinonychus. E. Hoatzin embryo. Number of bones reduced in digit III. F. Hoatzin adult. Most of the bones of the hand fused

  38. Another Set of Examples Ornitholestes (theropod dinosaur) Archaeopteryx Archaeopteryx Sinornis (a Cretaceous bird) Modern chicken Chicken

  39. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Pterosaurs They were present in the Triassic, but reached their greatest diversity in the Jurassic, with over 80 species recorded. However, they would attain their greatest size in the Cretaceous.

  40. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Pterosaurs They were present in the Triassic, but reached their greatest diversity in the Jurassic, with over 80 species recorded. However, they would attain their greatest size in the Cretaceous.

  41. III. Mesozoic Era B. Jurassic (200-146 mya) - Mammals: Docodonts.... a group of beaver-like animals... the most impressive fossil of the group was found in Feb 2006 - oldest animal with fur - demonstrates that mammals were radiating into a variety of habitats

  42. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) B. Jurassic (205 - 146 mya) C. Cretaceous (145 - 65 mya)

  43. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) B. Jurassic (205 - 146 mya) C. Cretaceous (146 - 65 mya) - the warming trend of the Jurassic continues, and results in very high sea levels and the expanse of shallow seas over significant portions of continents

  44. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) B. Jurassic (205 - 146 mya) C. Cretaceous (146 - 65 mya) - Plants: Evolution of Angiosperms Initially in low abundance Come to dominate by end of Cretaceous Gymnosperms

  45. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) B. Jurassic (205 - 146 mya) C. Cretaceous (146 - 65 mya) - Plants: Evolution of Angiosperms Initially in low abundance Come to dominate by end of Cretaceous Gymnosperms Angiosperms

  46. Archaefructus sinensis Science 2002

  47. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) B. Jurassic (205 - 146 mya) C. Cretaceous (146 - 65 mya) - Plants: Evolution of Angiosperms Initially in low abundance Come to dominate by end of Cretaceous Gymnosperms

  48. III. Mesozoic Era A. Triassic Period (250 - 205 mya) B. Jurassic (205 - 146 mya) C. Cretaceous (146 - 65 mya) - Plants: Evolution of Angiosperms Initially in low abundance Come to dominate by end of Cretaceous Gymnosperms

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