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MIS

MIS. BBA (Morn) & (Eve) 6 th Semester Systems in the Organizations (Systems from Functional Perspective) From TPS to DSS By: Farhan Mir. (Week 1)What are IS?.

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MIS

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  1. MIS BBA (Morn) & (Eve) 6th Semester Systems in the Organizations (Systems from Functional Perspective) From TPS to DSS By: Farhan Mir

  2. (Week 1)What are IS? • “An organized combination of people, hardware, software, networks and data resources that collect, transforms, and disseminates information in the organization.” James O’Brien (1998). • IS theory is however extremely vast and various classification & definitions are available on MIS • IS Perspectives • Operational activities • Management support • KM • Networking and e-activities

  3. Transformation of Organizations • Flattening (Need for Agility) • Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches) • Flexibility • Location Independence (Globalization Pressures) • Low Transaction Cost • Empowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly) • Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging) • Overall Performance (Effectiveness) • Competitive Advantage

  4. Major Types of Systems • Executive Support Systems (ESS) • Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Management Information Systems (MIS) • Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) (KMS) • Office Automation Systems (OAS) • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

  5. Different Kinds of Systems • Operational-Level Systems • Support operational managers by keeping track of elementary organizational activities and transactions • Systems answer routine questions and track the flow of transactions through the organization • i.e. – systems to record bank deposits Or track the number of hrs worked each day

  6. Transaction Processing Systems Transaction processing system

  7. TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONSExample in a University like us MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS: • Admissions, grade records, course records MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS: • Registration system, student transcript system, curriculum class control system

  8. Another Example(A Payroll System) Hoursworked Payrolltransactionprocessing Payrollchecks Payrate

  9. A Symbolic Representation for a Payroll TPS

  10. What happens to TPS data? • Managers need sophisticated reports to help them understand and analyze data. • created by a management information system • Management information systemcan be a synonym for the term “information system” or refer to a type of information system. • characterized by production of routine reports that managers use for structured and routine tasks

  11. MIS MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems were written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers. Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).

  12. MIS (The Central Systems) Marketingmanagement information system Manufacturing management Information system Common databases Financial management Information system Order management information system TPS

  13. Office Automation • An office automation system“automates” or computerizes, routine office tasks. • word processing software • spreadsheet software • scheduling software • e-mail software

  14. Can decisions be automated? • Information systems do not make decisions. The manager analyzes the data and reaches a decision. • An expert system, sometimes referred to as a “knowledge-based system”, is a computer system designed to analyze data and produce a recommendation or decision. • uses a set of facts or rules

  15. A Model of ESS

  16. Why Information Systems Institute of Management Sciences (A Mini Case)

  17. Institute of Management Sciences • Current status is that • Number of Courses (Degrees) Increasing • Number of Students & Staff logically increasing too • Number of Admissions increasing • Number of Exams and Results Increasing • Other Pressures!! • HECS looking for standardization (Course Curriculums, Course Plans, Monitoring, Research at University (resources for researchers) • Public want information • Key Stakeholders (Administration, Employees, Instructors and students) need convenience

  18. Institute of Management Sciences • All major processes are information based • Clear need for systematic approach (Here comes the role of Information Systems) • And we are on our way towards that (Admission system, Exam system, Monitoring system, Website)

  19. Transformation of Organizations • Flattening (Need for Agility) • Decentralization (More focus on Behavioral Approaches) • Flexibility • Location Independence (Globalization Pressures) • Low Transaction Cost • Empowerment (Employee needs to respond quickly) • Collaborative Work (More teams are emerging) • Overall Performance (Effectiveness) • Competitive Advantage

  20. Systems from a Functional Perspective IS can be classified by the specific organizational function they serve as well as by organizational level as follows: • Sales and marketing systems • Manufacturing and production systems • Finance and accounting systems • Human resources systems

  21. Typical Applications - MIS with TPS

  22. An Inventory System

  23. Examples of Finance & Accounting IS

  24. Examples of Human Resources IS

  25. An Employee Record Keeping System

  26. INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT Information System Specialists: CIO Managers System Analysts System Developers Programmers Network Specialists Database Administrator Clerical (Operators) • IT Infrastructure: • Hardware • Software • Data • Networks THE ORGANIZATION

  27. IS Personnel • Operators • Data Entry • Computer Operators (Hardware Specialists) • System Analysts • Most Crucial IS job • Whether you are developing In-house or using a purchased application or Outsourcing • Programmers • Technical People (Technical construction of the IS) • Developers • Database Administrators • CIO • Other roles are also coming in organizations (IS Security Officers, Information Policy Makers, Webmasters)

  28. IS Planning • Technology • New/Hottest Technology (Costly) or • Older/ Traditional Technology (Cheap) or • Combination of both strategies • Professionals • Training Vs. Hiring • Cost the key issue • Issues & Recommendations • Reliability in traditional technologies Vs. benefits with new ones (New cycles of training & updation required to keep up with pace and to avoid failures associated with new technologies) • In-depth Analysis the way to avoid failures • Project Management a systematic way

  29. References • Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 2 & 4 • James O’Brien. (1998). “Introduction to Information Systems: A Networked Enterprise Perspective”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 10,12 • Kenneth C. Laudon & Jane P. Laudon (2011). “Management Information Systems: Managing a Digital Firm”.(7th Ed). Chapter 3 • Grover S. Kearns (1997). Alignment of Information Systems Plans with Business Plans: (http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.97/papers/kearns.htm)

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