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Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

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Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

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    1. Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge

    2. The Qing Empire

    3. Decline of the Manchus Opium and Rebellion British problems with China The opium trade Reactions by China Lin Zexu (Lin Tse-hsu; 1785-1850), 1839 The Opium Wars (1839-1842) Treaty of Nanjing Taiping Rebellion, 1853-1864) Hong Xiuquan (Hung Hsiu-ch’uan) Causes of the rebellion

    4. Efforts at Reform Self-strengthening Adoption of Western technology combined with the retention of Confucian principles and institutions Proponents of more radical reform Wang Tao (1828 – 1897)

    5. Foreign Possessions and Spheres of Influence About 1900

    6. The Climax of Imperialism Russia, France, and Britain penetrate China Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895 Emperor Guangxu Kang Youwei Empress Dowager Cixi Opening the Door to China United States’ “Open Door” policy Boxer Rebellion, 1900

    7. Collapse of the Old Order Rising rural unrest Reforms do little for the peasants, artisans, miners, transportation workers Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) Revive China Society Revolt of October, 1911 General Yuan Shikai Kuomintang Revolt Aftermath

    8. A Rich Country and a Strong State: The Rise of Modern Japan Isolation Emergent commercial and manufacturing center Tokugawa feudalistic system falling apart Factionalism and corruption plaguing the central bureaucracy

    9. Isolation Ends Commodore Matthew C. Perry, 1853 Treaty of Kanagawa Townsend Harris, 1858 Sat-Cho alliance, 1863 Rebel armies attacked shogun’s palace at Kyoto in 1868 and proclaimed the authority of the emperor who had agreed to end cooperation with the West

    10. Meiji Why did the Meiji government arise? Transformation of Japanese Politics Meiji Economics Building a Modern Social structure

    11. Japanese Overseas Expansion During the Meiji Era

    12. Joining the Imperialist Club Conflict with China Korea opens ports to Japan Sino-Japanese rivalry over Korea Treaty of Shimonoseki Russo-Japanese War, 1904 Korea annexed in 1908

    13. The Meiji Restoration: A Revolution from Above Some historians argue it was an incomplete revolution because it did not end economic and social inequalities Others argue it did put Japan on a path of economic and political development A “conservative revolution” Combination of kokutai and capitalism

    14. Discussion Questions How did opium help the British force concessions from the Chinese? What steps did the Chinese take to block European domination of China? Why did these measures fail? How did the presence of European powers in China shape Chinese cultural development? Was the Meiji Restoration a “revolution”?

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