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Protein Synthesis – ch 10

Protein Synthesis – ch 10. Don’t you just love eukaryotic cells?. Central Dogma. Flow of information: DNA _____ Protein . transcription. http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf. Transcription 1. initiation 2. elongation 3. termination.

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Protein Synthesis – ch 10

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  1. Protein Synthesis – ch10

  2. Don’t you just love eukaryotic cells?

  3. Central Dogma • Flow of information: DNA _____Protein

  4. transcription • http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf

  5. Transcription1. initiation2. elongation3. termination

  6. Transcription – zooming in

  7. transcription • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__mrna_synthesis__transcription___quiz_2_.html

  8. transcription • http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html

  9. RNA processing animation • http://www.sinauer.com/cooper/4e/animations0702.html • Additions: • 5’ cap – prevents “fraying”, attachment point for ribosomes • Poly A tail – prevents “fraying”, helps mRNA exit nucleus • RNA splicing: • Introns out (snRNP) • Exons spliced together • Snurps

  10. Purpose of introns? • Lengthens chromosomes • Regulatory role

  11. Translation • rRNA - _________________ • mRNA - _________________ • Codon - _______________ • _____________________ • tRNA - _________________ • Anticodon - ____________ • _____________________ • Amino acid - ___________ • _____________________ • Peptide bond - ____________ • ________________________ • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__protein_synthesis__quiz_3_.html

  12. It’s the secret code!

  13. Translation

  14. Translation • Initiation: the ______attaches to the ribosome and begins translation.

  15. Translation • Elongation: the polypeptide chain continues to ____.

  16. Translation • Termination: The polypeptide has been completed and ________from the ribosome.

  17. It’s believed that the code evolved very early in history of life. • Why?___________________________________ • Transplanting genes…

  18. PolysomesSeveral __________can translate an mRNA at the same ______, forming what is called a polysome.

  19. Signal peptides

  20. A great summary graphic of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells

  21. Prokaryotic Cells & Protein Synthesis

  22. Mutations Point mutation- an alteration in a single base pair Insertions / deletions – cause frameshiftmutations

  23. Mutagen – agents which cause mutation • 1) "high energy" radiation - ultraviolet light (200 - 400 nm). - x-rays • 2) Reactive Chemicals - (Industrial Pollution) 3) Chemicals from smoking

  24. Types of point Mutations 1)Base Substitutions -One base is substituted for another in the sequence of DNA nucleotides. • Possible Consequences: • Silent mutation - • Lethal mutation -

  25. Types of point Mutations 2)Base Insertions and Deletions - base pair is removed or added to the DNA sequence. • causes a frame shift = shift in the _______ ________of the _____. • Not all mutations are bad. • What if the altered protein shape turns out to be BETTER at carrying on the chemical reaction its designed for?. • Some mutations are beneficial.

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