1 / 16

Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. QUIZ. Where does DNA synthesis occur ? (what organelle?) Pick one…. What does Helicase do? Or what does DNA polymerase do? What is the purpose of DNA synthesis? Explain in your own words what DNA synthesis is Write down this DNA’s complimentary strand G A T A C A.

yazid
Download Presentation

Protein Synthesis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. QUIZ • Where does DNA synthesis occur ? (what organelle?) • Pick one…. What does Helicase do? Or what does DNA polymerase do? • What is the purpose of DNA synthesis? • Explain in your own words what DNA synthesis is • Write down this DNA’s complimentary strand • G A T A C A

  3. I. RNA vs. DNA Structure RNA DNA • Single stranded • Nucleotide monomers • Ribose sugar • Adenine • Uracil • Guanine • Cytosine • Double stranded • Nucleotide monomers • Deoxyribose sugar • Adenine • Thymine • Cytosine • Guanine There are 3 types of RNA mRNA; tRNA; rRNA

  4. RNA • mRNA- is transcribed or re-written in the nucleus then enters the cytoplasm • Why use RNA? • tRNA- Transfer RNA, has complimentary base pair and brings the amino acid (or mini protein) to the ribosome • rRNA- ribosomal RNA

  5. II. Transcription • The first step in creating a polypeptide chain (a protein.) • One gene, ( or a sequence of DNA nucleotides), codes for ONE PROTEIN. • ***1 gene= one sequence of DNA= 1 protein molecule***

  6. III. Steps of Transcription • DNA strands are “unzipped” so nucleotides are UNPAIRED. • Free mRNA nucleotides (A, U, C, G) are brought to the exposed DNA and paired up using the base pair rule. • Transcription continues until the end site called the terminator is reached. • The finished mRNA chain leaves the nucleus to begin its journey to the ribosome. • What does the ribosome do?...

  7. Recap • We have our mRNA which is a compliment to our DNA • Lets say our DNA says ATGCCTAGC • Our mRNA would read ____________________ • This sequence will now leave the nucleus and travel to the ribosome to make…..

  8. IV. Translation • The 2nd step in creating a protein. • Translation happens at the ribosome. Here, the mRNA is “decoded” into amino acids. • Each 3 nucleotides on mRNA is called a “Codon” and was transcribed from complementary DNA “Triplets.” • 1 triplet = 1 Codon = 1 amino acid • The right amino acid is brought to the ribosome and put into the right spot using tRNA, which contains complementary anti-codons.

  9. Let’s Practice! DNA: TAC CCG GTA TGC CAT ACT mRNA Transcript: Polypeptide chain:

  10. V. Protein Production http://video.pbs.org/video/1675008673/ • Because the DNA in the cell determines the proteins that are made, all cells will make different proteins. • If a tissue is damaged, the cells around the tissue will be triggered to go through mitosis or increase protein production to repair the injury. • Sometimes, a cell becomes injured or mutated and it begins an overproduction of proteins or rapid uncontrolled cell division possibly leading to cancer.

More Related