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Mammals

Mammals. Vertebrate Zoology. What does the typical mammal look like?. Small Brown Nocturnal ~4450 species. Characteristics. Hair Endothermic 4 chambered heart Diaphragm (muscle to aid breathing) Most nourished by a placenta Mammary glands produce milk

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Mammals

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  1. Mammals Vertebrate Zoology

  2. What does the typical mammal look like? • Small • Brown • Nocturnal • ~4450 species

  3. Characteristics • Hair • Endothermic • 4 chambered heart • Diaphragm (muscle to aid breathing) • Most nourished by a placenta • Mammary glands produce milk • Gestation - length of time within the uterus • Weaning - time at which young stop drinking milk

  4. Characteristics • Skin with sweat glands, oil glands, scent glands, & mammary glands • 3 middle ear ossicles (Bones); malleus, incus, & stapes derived from the jaw • Mouth with diphyodont teeth (deciduous replaced with permanent) • Lower jaw fused into one bone • Moveable eyelids • Fleshy pinnae • Non-nucleated, biconcave red blood corpuscles (RBC’S)

  5. Hair Made of the protein keratin Keratin also makes up: Nails Claws Hooves Horns Antlers Tusks Hair Follicle Skin Mites

  6. How Deer Antlers Grow

  7. Horns, Antlers, & Tusks Horns –Found on antelope, giraffe, & rhino • Do not branch • Permanent structures Antlers – Found on deer • Branch • Fall off • Covered in velvet which sloughs off Tusks -Found in ungulates w/o horns

  8. Why did the Irish Elk go extinct?

  9. Skin with glands

  10. Hyena scent gland

  11. Panda scent gland

  12. Dik Dik Scent Gland

  13. Llama Scent Glands

  14. Lemur Scent Glands on Arms

  15. Scent glands and spraying

  16. Spraying patterns of two mice

  17. Mammary glands • modified apocrine sweat glands • key mammalian feature • complex system of ducts • surface opening: nipple or teat

  18. Group No. of teats No. of young per litter primitive opossums 19-25 12 kangaroos 4 1 Tenrec 10-12 12 (max. 32) Mastomys (African rat) 12-20 8-19 wolves (dogs) 4-6 4-6 pigs 10-14 6-12 many artiodactyls 4 1 pangolins 2 1 bats 2 (4) 1 (4) whales, horses, manatees 2 1 elephants 2 1 primates 2 1 Table: Relationship between No. of teats and species-specific litter size

  19. Animal Water Fats Proteins Sugars Ash K2O NaO2 CaO Mg P2O5 Human 870 40 15 70 ? 1.20 0.65 1.04 0.12 1.40 Horse 900 22 20 60 3.6 1.05 0.14 1.24 0.13 1.31 Cow 880 34 33 44 7 1.4 0.8 1.65 0.21 1.45 Goat 862 48 48 46 8.5 1.3 0.6 2 0.16 2.91 Pig 840 50 37 50 6.3 0.99 0.74 2.4 0.14 3 Dog 770 93 97 31 9.1 1.41 0.81 4.53 0.2 4.93 Reindeer 677 171 109 28 15 2.11 2.33 5.08 0.39 4.38 Harp Seal 437.9 428.2 119.8 ? 9.14 1.61 1.16 0.94 0.3 3.35 Blue Whale 471.7 381.3 127.9 ? 14.3 ? ? 4.26 ? 6.23 The Approximate Constituents of the Milk of Various Mammals in ml/mg per liter

  20. Human70 beats/min Elephant28 beats/min Mouse500 beats/min 4 Chambered Heart

  21. Species Resting bpm Active bpm Great Whale 7 Elephant 28 Lion 40 Human 70 120 Rabbit 200 Mouse 500-600 Shrew 800 1320 Heart Rates in Various Mammals

  22. Diaphragm • Muscle used to change air pressure inside the body in order to move air • Less pressure = air moves in • More pressure = air moves out

  23. 3 Middle Ear Ossicles

  24. Otic hair cells

  25. Single fused mandible

  26. Mandible Comparison

  27. Beaver

  28. Squirrel

  29. Prairie Dog

  30. Rabbit

  31. Lion

  32. Sea Lion

  33. Wolverine

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