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INTRODUCTION TO LASERS

INTRODUCTION TO LASERS. TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SCARSDALE MIDDLE SCHOOL. Many of the pictures for this “LASER” presentation came from www.howstuffworks.com. LASER. Originally LASER was an acronym for L ight A mplification by the S timulated E mission of R adiation.

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INTRODUCTION TO LASERS

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO LASERS TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION SCARSDALE MIDDLE SCHOOL

  2. Many of the pictures for this “LASER” presentation came from www.howstuffworks.com. LASER PRESENTATION

  3. LASER • Originally LASER was an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. • Now laser is a word used to identify this type of equipment or the light it produces. LASER PRESENTATION

  4. The Atom Different electron orbits represent different energy levels. LASER PRESENTATION

  5. The Electron Applying energy to an electron causes it to jump to a higher orbit. LASER PRESENTATION

  6. The Photon When the electron drops back to its original orbit it releases a particle called a photon. Light is made up of photons. LASER PRESENTATION

  7. Wavelength of Light Light moves in waves that are similar to ripples in water. Light is an example of electromagnetic radiation: It doesn’t require a medium to pass through LASER PRESENTATION

  8. Wavelength of Light 1 CYCLE Wavelength (): The distance the wave travels in one cycle. Frequency (f): The number of times a cycle repeats in one second (Hertz, formerley cycles/second).  = c f LASER PRESENTATION

  9. Wavelength of Light HERTZ  ENERGY ~ 400 nanometers ~ 700 nanometers HIGHER FREQUENCY LESS ENERGY LASER PRESENTATION

  10. 1 NANOMETER IS ONE BILLIONTH OF A METER A human hair is about 80,000 nanometers in diameter. That’s about 115 times the wavelength () of red light. LASER PRESENTATION

  11. Light BulbLight is not focusedLight is made up of many colors (wavelengths)Light is not coherent LASER PRESENTATION

  12. White Light • Light From A • Light Bulb • All colors • (wavelengths). • More longer • wavelengths. • Light is not • coherent. • Light is not • focused. LASER PRESENTATION

  13. Laser Light Light is very focusedLight is made up of one color (wavelength)Light is coherent LASER PRESENTATION

  14. Laser Light • Light From A • Laser • One color • (wavelength). • Light is coherent. • Light is focused. LASER PRESENTATION

  15. Theodore MaimanFirst Ruby Laser1960 LASER PRESENTATION

  16. How a Laser Works LASER PRESENTATION

  17. Ruby Laser LASER PRESENTATION

  18. Types of LasersBased on the Material Used in the Laser Classes of LasersBased on the Biological Damage the LaserCan Cause LASER PRESENTATION

  19. Typical Lasers and Their Emission Wavelengths • Laser Type Wavelength (nm) • Argon fluoride (UV) 193 • Krypton fluoride (UV) 248 • Nitrogen (UV) 337 • Argon (blue) 488 • Argon (green) 514 • Helium neon (green) 543 • Helium neon (red) 633 • Rhodamine 6G dye (tunable) 570 - 650 • Ruby (CrAlO3) (red) 694 • Nd:Yag (NIR) 1064 • Carbon dioxide (FIR) 10600 LASER PRESENTATION

  20. Optical Damage Threshold TestNASA Research Center The Optical Damage Threshold test station at NASA Langley Research Center has three lasers: a high-energy pulsed ND:Yag laser, a Ti:sapphire laser and an alignment HeNe laser. LASER PRESENTATION

  21. Classes of LasersBased on the Biological Damage the Laser Can Cause Class I: Lasers that don’t produce any harmful radiation. Class II: Lasers that are harmful if viewed for long periods of time. (The assumption is that people wouldn’t let this happen.) Class III: Lasers that are dangerous for short exposure. (Many laser pointers are class III lasers!) Class IV: Lasers that can blind or burn after a very brief exposure. These can only be used under very controlled conditions. LASER PRESENTATION

  22. LASER WEAPONS “Do you expect me to talk Goldfinger?” “No Mr. Bond, I expect you to die.” LASER PRESENTATION

  23. Laser Gun Sights LASER PRESENTATION

  24. Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement SystemMILES (2000)“Laser Tag” for Soldiers LASER PRESENTATION

  25. Laser Targeting SystemAircraft Mounted LASER PRESENTATION

  26. Laser Guided Bomb(“Smart” Bomb) Control surfaces Guidance system Optical sensor LASER PRESENTATION

  27. Laser Targeting 2. Laser guided weapon tracks laser spot on target. Laser targeting system “paints” target. LASER PRESENTATION

  28. Laser Targeting SystemGround Based LASER PRESENTATION

  29. Laser Targeting CountermeasuresAN/VVR-1 Laser Warning Receiver System System detects the targeting laser. Countermeasures include smoke, brighter laser beam, maneuvering, etc. LASER PRESENTATION

  30. Laser Guided Missile Hellfire laser guided missiles mounted on a US Army Apache helicopter gunship. Newer variation (Hellfire II) replaces laser guidance with radar guidance to penetrate smoke and cloud cover. LASER PRESENTATION

  31. ABLAirborne LaserAntimissile WeaponUnited States Air Force LASER PRESENTATION

  32. ABLNose Turret CO2 Targeting Laser LASER PRESENTATION

  33. LASERS IN MANUFACTURING

  34. Punch Press Typical Stamped Parts • Punch Press Problems • Dangerous to operate. • Required long runs • to be profitable. LASER PRESENTATION

  35. Laser Cutter LASER PRESENTATION

  36. Computer Controlof Laser Cutter Equipment • No human contact • with the part during operation. • Computer program • can be loaded • quickly. Shorter • runs are now • profitable. LASER PRESENTATION

  37. Laser Welding Welded Parts LASER PRESENTATION

  38. Laser Welding Welded car door panel made from three types of steel. LASER PRESENTATION

  39. Laser Stereolithography(SLA) LASER PRESENTATION

  40. PartProducedbySLA LASER PRESENTATION

  41. LASERS IN MEDICINE LASER PRESENTATION

  42. Laser Eye SurgeryLAser in SItu Keratomileusis (Lasik) 1. Tiny flap of outer cornea folded back. 2. Laser removes tissue from remaining cornea to change its shape. 3. Flap of outer cornea then reattached. LASER PRESENTATION

  43. Laser Tattoo Removal(Doesn’t always work!) The laser beam breaks up the pigments in the tattoo into small particles. Then the body’s immune system attacks and destroys them. LASER PRESENTATION

  44. Laser Dentistry Water jet Laser • Major advantage is no “drilling sound”. • Can’t be used on existing metal fillings. LASER PRESENTATION

  45. LASER TESTING AND MEASURING LASER PRESENTATION

  46. Laser Bar Code Scanning Universal Product Code (UPC) Label LASER PRESENTATION

  47. Barcode on a UPS Label LASER PRESENTATION

  48. Barcode Scanner LASER PRESENTATION

  49. Railroad Car SortingUsing Barcode Scanning Labels were often too dirty for the scanners to read. LASER PRESENTATION

  50. Laser Surface Roughness Tester LASER PRESENTATION

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