13 & 14 Review

1. 13 & 14 Review

2. An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist? Test Review

3. “An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people land, factories, railroads, and businesses private property does not exist all goods and services are to be shared equally No social classes Communism

4. An economic system in which money is invested with the goal of making more money ? Test Review

5. “An economic system in which money is invested with the goal of making more money (profit).” Capitalism “One million dollars!”

6. What were the 2 rivaling Alliances of the Cold War ? Test Review

7. NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization We hate communism club Stop the spread of communism Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and all countries controlled by the USSR. COMMUNISt NATO & Warsaw Pact

8. This policy was developed to keep communism from spreading by diplomatic, economic, and military force? Test Review

9. -Idea: If the U.S. could prevent the Soviets from expanding, their system would eventually fall apart. -This led to the “containment policy”: keep communism from spreading by diplomatic, economic, and military force. Containment Policy We need to keep Communism from Spreading! George Kennan

10. This Doctrine was created when the US gave $400 million to combat communism in Greece and Turkey and pledged to fight communism worldwide. Test Review

11. In August of 1946, the Soviets were trying to establish communists govts. In Greece and Turkey. Truman asked congress for $400 million to help fight communist aggressions via military and economic aid. In the long run, it pledged the U.S. to fight communism worldwide. Truman Doctrine Remember Greasy Turkey

12. Provided economic aid to all European nations rebuilding their economies after WWII this helped to weaken the appeal of Communism ($1.3 billion). Test Review

13. In June of 1947, Sec.of State George Marshall proposed economic aid to all European nations rebuilding their economies. Western Europe began to recover and weakened the “appeal” of Communism. Also, new markets for trade were opened. Marshall Plan

14. What 4 countries divided Germany after WWII ? Test Review

15. The U.S., Great Britain, and France decided to merge their zones and allow the Germans to have their own govt. West Berlin was also merged and became part of West Germany. The Soviets still controlled what became known as East Germany. Like the whole of Germany, the city of Berlin was divided into four zones France, USA, England, & USSR

16. Why was the Berlin Airlift significant? Test Review

17. Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift • Soviet Union blocked access to West Berlin hoping to force West Berlin to become Communist. • The Airlift was an issue of American integrity and an exercise of it's Airforce might. The Airlift helped solidify America as an emerging super power in the 1940's. • Germany was grateful (we become friends again )

18. What is the incident when the USSR shot down a US spy plan over Russia ? Test Review

19. U2 Affair U-2 Affair • Cold War tensions increased when in 1960 the USSR shot down a US spy plane over Russia • At first, the United States government denied everything • US was forced to admit when the USSR produced its remains (largely intact) and surviving pilot

20. Which minority group made military integration possible after WWII ? Test Review

21. African Americans • African Americans felt they deserved equal rights, especially after hundreds of thousands served in WWII • Truman took action in 1948 by desegregating the armed forces • Additionally, Truman ordered an end to discrimination in the hiring of governmental employees

22. What action started the Korean War ? Test Review

23. N. Korea invades S. Korea • On June 25, North Korean communist forces cross the 38th parallel and invade South Korea. • On June 27, Truman orders U.S. forces to assist the South Koreans while the U.N. Security Council condemns the invasion • On Sept.15 1950, MacArthur ordered a daring invasion behind enemy lines

24. Why did Truman fire MacArthur? Test Review

25. Insubordination Wipe that smile off your face! Have you forgotten who I am? • MacArthur doesn’t like being told no. He goes to Congress and the press to try to win support for his strategy. • What is the big problem here? • Just one problem… He forgot who his boss was. • MacArthur was Fired

26. Government Organization that investigated “Un-American” activity Test Review

27. HUAC FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover went to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to urge them to hold public hearings on Communist subversion. Under Hoover’s leadership, the FBI sent agents to investigate suspected groups and to wiretap thousands of telephones.

28. What couple was convicted of heading a Soviet Spy ring, and was sent to the electric chair? Test Review

29. The search for spies intensified when the Soviet Union produced an atomic bomb. Klaus Fuchs admitted giving information to the Soviet Union. This led to the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were charged with heading a Soviet spy ring. Many believed the Rosenbergs were not guilty, but they were still executed in1953. Rosenbergs

30. Who searched for disloyalty based on flimsy evidence and irrational fears? Test Review

31. McCarthy became the chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations. Turned into a witch hunt as he searched for disloyalty based on poor evidence and fear. Joseph MCCarthy “Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?”

32. What act made it illegal to “combine, conspire, or agree with any other person to perform any act which would substantially contribute to . . . the establishment of a totalitarian government.”? Test Review

33. McCarthy won the Senate race after accusing his Democratic opponent of being a Communist. Americans to begin to believe them. Congress passed the Internal Security Act or McCarran Act in 1950. The act made it illegal to “combine, conspire, or agree with any other person to perform any act which would substantially contribute to . . . the establishment of a totalitarian government.” Six concentration camps built for suspects McCarran Act

34. When did McCarthy go to far? Test Review

35. 1954- Finally, an army lawyer named Joseph Welch stood up to McCarthy. Later that year, the Senate passed a vote of censure, or formal disapproval, against McCarthy. McCarthy Debunked McCarthy you are a liar and an idiot!

36. What was the first satellite to orbit Earth? Test Review

37. Sputnik October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first rocket to reach space from Kazakhstan. It was the first satellite that orbited the earth.

38. What organization did the US create in response to Sputnik? Test Review

39. To counter this, the United States Government established the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) on July 29, 1958 We feel stupid!

40. Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis significant? Test Review

41. Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev to believe expansion in Latin America would be easy 1962 secretly built 42 missiles in Cuba Closest the world ever came to nuclear warfare Cuban Missille Crisis

42. What was the purpose of the Federal Highway Act? Test Review

43. Federal Highway Act What was the purpose of the Federal Highway Act? • In 1956 Congress passed the Federal Highway Act • Construction of 40,000 miles of interstate highways. • This was needed because • the number of Americans who owned cars increased • In times of crisis it would be necessary to transport missiles and military supplies quickly

44. What was the theory behind more “Bang for you Buck”? Test Review

45. "More BANG for the Buck" • Less money $ a large army • More money for atomic weapons of all kinds. • From 1,000 to18,000 bombs by 1961

46. What is the policy of threatening to use nuclear weapons to get our way? Test Review

47. Massive Retaliation • Fighting small wars to stop the spread of Communism were too expensive (like Korea) • Instead threaten to use nuclear weapons, this policy is called Massive Retaliation

48. What were built to protect people from the radiation left over after a nuclear blast ? Test Review

49. Fallout Shelters • Although Americans tried to protect themselves, experts realized that for every person killed instantly by a nuclear blast, four more would later die from fallout, the radiation left over after the blast. • Some families built fallout shelters in their backyards and stocked them with canned food.

50. What major events were signs that the Cold War was over? Test Review