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Chapter 5 Improving Memory and Reading. How does the memory work?. Three Stages Sensory Register Short Term Memory (STM) Long Term Memory (LTM). Sensory Register. Lasts less than a second Records sensory experience Allows the brain to process info Helps us to focus on relevant info .
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How does the memory work? • Three Stages • Sensory Register • Short Term Memory (STM) • Long Term Memory (LTM)
Sensory Register • Lasts less than a second • Records sensory experience • Allows the brain to process info • Helps us to focus on relevant info
The Sensory Register is like a quickly fading photo of your sensory experience
Short Term Memory • Lasts about a half a minute • Temporary and limited • Records what we see, hear, do, taste, touch • Purpose is to ponder significance and decide if it is important enough to remember
Magical Number 7 • It is easier to remember material grouped in chunks of seven (+ or –2)
Common 7’s • Telephone Number • License Plate • Days of the Week • Colors of the Rainbow • Deadly Sins • 7 Dwarfs (Snow White) • Can You Name Some Others?
Long Term Memory • Large capacity • Permanent storage • Use it to store important information for future use • Use it to store information for college success
How are long term memories formed? • Takes purposeful action • Repetition • Meaningful association • It must have survival value • Personal reasons • To pass a test
These Help Motivation • Interest or • Joy in learning
We remember what is stored in Long Term Memory (LTM) This is the goal of college study Is It True that We Never Forget?
How Long Do We Remember? • Sensory Register less than one second • Short Term less than one minute • Long Term permanent
To Store Information in Long Term Memory • Requires rehearsal • Apply memory techniques
Forget We • Unpleasant things • Names of people, places, things • What is barely learned • What we do not understand • Under pressure or stress • Material we learn by “cramming” • Ideas in conflict with our beliefs
Remember We • Pleasant Experiences • Material important to us • What we put in effort to learn • What we have reviewed • What is interesting • What we use frequently • Muscular skills such as riding a bike
Theories of Forgetting • I Forgot • Mental Blur • Decay • Interference • Reactive Interference • Motivated Forgetting
Rate of Forgetting (or losing access) • AFTER 20 MINUTES 47% • AFTER 1 DAY 62% • AFTER 2 DAYS 69% • AFTER 15 DAYS 75% • AFTER 31 DAYS 78% Hermann Ebbinghaus
The average human only uses 4% of their brainIf we could use 7%, we could all be a genius!
Brain cell of a rat Without Stimulation With Stimulation
If you miss-file a book, You cannot find it. It is still there and you may stumble across it one day.
File your books correctly. Organize those thoughts!
Organize it. • Learn from thegeneralto the specific • Make it meaningful
Remember the Magical Number 7? Organize in Groups of 7 or Less
Visualization • Make a mental picture of what you want to remember • Commercials make good use of this technique
Recitation • One of the most powerful techniques • Memories exist in the form of a chemical neural trace • Some researchers think it takes 5 seconds to establish this trace • Repeat it 5 times or keep it in your mind for 5 seconds
Develop an Interest • We tend to remember what interests us
Can You Remember? • Music • Sports • Hobbies • Styles
See the Big Picture • Understand the main points first and the details second
Imagine trying to see a painting one inch at a time! It is difficult to appreciate or understand.
“The essence of genius is knowing what to overlook.” William James
Intend to Remember • Tell yourself that you are going to remember.
Distribute the Practice • Learn small amounts at a time • Review frequently
Create a Basic Background • We remember by making connections to what we already know • At first college is difficult because you are establishing the basic background
Acrostics • Creative rhymes, songs or poems Musical Notes: Every Good Boy Does Fine