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Visual Mismatch Negativity in Psychiatric Disorders

Visual Mismatch Negativity in Psychiatric Disorders. 1,2 Toshihiko Maekawa, M.D., Ph.D. 2 Shigenobu Kanba, M.D., Ph.D. 1 Shozo Tobimatsu, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical Neurophysiology 1 and Neuropsychiatry 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Memory trace hypothesis.

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Visual Mismatch Negativity in Psychiatric Disorders

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  1. Visual Mismatch Negativity in Psychiatric Disorders 1,2Toshihiko Maekawa, M.D., Ph.D. 2Shigenobu Kanba, M.D., Ph.D. 1Shozo Tobimatsu, M.D., Ph.D. Clinical Neurophysiology1and Neuropsychiatry2 Faculty of Medical Sciences Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

  2. Memory trace hypothesis S S Representation of S (Short memory) S S mismatch compare Representation of D D Mismatch negativity (automatic change detection process)

  3. Methods Windmill pattern stimuli 6 vane 24 vane 0 vane Participants were instructed to attend to a story and press a button as soon as possible when a target stimulus was presented on the monitor.

  4. Characteristics of MMN Independence of attention Oz reflects pre-attentive (automatic) processing Endogeneity not a simple evoked potential Modality specificity generator in primary and secondary sensory cortex Deviancy discrimination modulated by magnitude of deviancy Sensory memory evoked by comparing between a new input deviant stimulus and short memory of standard stimulus

  5. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder unknown causes and bad prognosis. Correlation between auditory MMN and volume reduction of left temporal lobe in SZ was clarified. SZ is progressive brain disease and its dysfunction might be responsible for not only auditory processing but also visual one. • NC9（Male 4, 19～31（24.0） y.o.） • SZ18（Male15, 21～54（35.8）y.o.） Note: Not matched age, sex, numbers

  6. 1 M 21 80 18 22 47 2 F 22 400 29 27 61 3 F 26 235 15 32 40 4 M 26 555 37 42 83 5 M 27 175 18 21 50 6 M 28 85.5 30 17 68 7 M 29 262.5 10 36 46 8 M 31 1211.1 35 21 65 9 F 32 80 24 40 75 10 M 33 450 15 41 60 11 M 36 972.5 18 18 41 12 M 43 1200 23 37 9 13 M 44 500.7 9 14 25 14 M 44 390 24 35 62 15 M 46 515.9 41 38 74 16 M 48 80 16 31 49 17 M 54 1022.4 35 39 79 18 M 54 862.5 33 40 77 Schizophrenia (N=18) Pat № Sex Age Duration (Y) Drugs (CPequiv.) PANSS P N G 1 1 10 9 7 9 1 6 9 7 11 14 22 22 20 12 19 39

  7. ＮＣ ＳＺ μV -20 -10 0 10 -10 20 -5 100 100 300 300 500 500 ms ms 0 0 0 5 10 ERPs Difference waveforms Standard stim Deviant stim NC MMN2 MMN1 V-MMN(+) (n=13) Sz V-MMN(-) (n=4)

  8. Summary 17 Sz data were analyzed and vMMN in 4 subjects could not detected. VMMN in all NC was clearly observed. Poor behavioral performance and decreased both P300 and vMMN in Sz group were shown. Latencies of MMN1 and P300 were correlated to age, medication and negative symptom.

  9. Bipolar disorder Bipolar Disorder (BP), also known as manic-depressive illness, is a serious medical illness that causes shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function.

  10. attention Target stimulus(10%) Deviant stimulus(10%) Standard stimulus (80%) Method • Normal Control (NC) group: 16 ( 5 males, age 38.4 y.o.) • BP group : 16 ( 6 males, age 38.7 y.o.) • ERP was recorded by128 ch high dense EEG equipment (Netstation, Electrical Geodesics, Inc., USA) Story

  11. Patients’ profile

  12. Summary Altered visual attentional system in BP was measured by vMMNusing 128 ch high dense EEG machine. There maybe a subtle cognitive dysfunction in BP which cannot be detected by behavioral examination.

  13. Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in socialization, communication, and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. If they have no deficits of intelligence, they are called “high-functioning” ASD.

  14. Reaction Time * P<0.05 ms NC ASD

  15. P300 and vMMN in HF-ASD * * * P<0.05

  16. Topography

  17. Summary HF-ASD group showed… fast target detection. small P1 (80-120 ms) and P300. vMMN(150-300 ms) were almost same with NC. These findings suggest that individuals with HF-ASD exhibit differences in perceptual integration with a unique electrophysiological processing pattern.

  18. Pyramidal cells: parallel orientation => spatial summation Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Neuronal currents in axons and dendrites Parallel dendrites Presynaptic Postsynaptic • Action potentials: • Fast: no/little temporal summation • Cancellation: fields diminish rapidly

  19. 306 ch MEG Deviantstim. Standard stim. 115 ms

  20. vMMF in SZ 10-14T 10-14T ms ms MMF1 MMF2 SZ (n=8): 2 female, 14-60 (mean 36.5) y.o. NC (n=12): 2 female, 22~39 (mean 30.6) y.o.

  21. Conclusion Windmill pattern is a nice stimulus to evoke robust vMMN. Each psychiatric disorders showed different vMMN pattern from their controls. vMMN can be a potential biomarker of a kind of psychiatric disorders. Reference Maekawa et al: Auditory and visual mismatch negativity in psychiatric disorders: A review. CurrPsychiatr Rev 8;97-105, 2012.

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