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Herbicide Activity on Tobacco and Weed Control

Univ. of KY Tobacco Field Agent Training June 18, 2009 – Fayette Co. Extension Office. Herbicide Activity on Tobacco and Weed Control. Andy Bailey Univ. of KY / Univ. of TN Princeton, KY. Available Herbicides. Command 3ME (clomazone) Devrinol 50DF or 2E (napropamide)

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Herbicide Activity on Tobacco and Weed Control

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  1. Univ. of KY Tobacco Field Agent Training June 18, 2009 – Fayette Co. Extension Office Herbicide Activity on Tobacco and Weed Control Andy Bailey Univ. of KY / Univ. of TN Princeton, KY

  2. Available Herbicides • Command 3ME (clomazone) • Devrinol 50DF or 2E (napropamide) • Prowl 3.3EC or H2O (pendimethalin) • Spartan 4F (sulfentrazone) • Tillam 6E (pebulate) • Poast 1.5E (sethoxydim) • Aim 2EC (carfentrazone)

  3. Command 3ME • Rate: 2 to 2.67 pt/A • Application timing: • soil-applied prior to transplanting or up to 7 days after transplanting • Weeds controlled: • crabgrass, fall panicum, foxtails, jimsonweed, lambsquarters, common ragweed, velvetleaf.

  4. Command 3ME • Off-site movement to non-target areas • Do not use within 100 ft of sensitive plants • Spray only in little to no wind • Tobacco may show temporary injury if growing under stressed conditions • Cold, wet weather • Rotational crops: • Anytime = Soybeans, peppers, pumpkins anytime • 9 mo. = Field corn, popcorn, sorghum, cucurbits, tomato • 12 mo. = Sweet corn, cabbage, wheat • 16 mo. = barley, alfalfa, forage grasses

  5. Command 3ME • Weed Spectrum • Good Control • Annual Grasses • Most Broadleaf Weeds including • Common Ragweed • Hairy Galinsoga • Velvetleaf

  6. Command 3 ME • Poor Control • Pigweeds • Seedling & rhizome Johnsongrass Control

  7. Application • Rates 2 to 2.67 pts/A • Placement • Surface application • Cover crop safety • Drift • Post-transplant • Within 7 days after transplanting

  8. Activity & Mode of Action • Photosynthesis inhibitor • Damages Chlorophyll • Turns plant white

  9. Reducingcover crop damage • Pre or post surface application • Work ground prior to sewing cover crop

  10. Spartan 4F • Rate: 8 to 12 fl. oz./A • Application timing: PreTransplant • From 14 d to 12 h prior to transplanting • Soil surface applied. • Weeds controlled: • Nightshade sp., morningglory sp., nutsedge sp., pigweed sp., smartweed sp., jimsonweed, lambsquarters • Apply 12 oz/A rate if heavy morningglory and/or nutsedge pressure anticipated.

  11. Spartan 4F • Rotational considerations: • Anytime = soybeans • 4 mo. = small grains • 10 mo. = field corn, popcorn, sorghum • 18 mo. = sweet corn • Spartan + Command: • 10 oz./A Spartan + 2-2.67 pt/A Command • Crabgrass, fall panicum, foxtails, common ragweed, velvetleaf, nutsedge, black nightshade, morningglory, pigweed, smartweed, cocklebur, hairy galinsoga, jimsonweed, lambsquarters.

  12. Prowl 3.3EC • Rate: 3 to 3.6 pt/A • Application timing: PreTransplant incorporated • Weed controlled: annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds • Grasses: crabgrass, fall panicum, foxtails • Broadleaf weeds: lambsquarters, pigweeds.

  13. Prowl 3.3EC • Temporary injury when under stress • Cold, wet or hot, dry conditions • Rotational considerations: • Small grains after 4 mo. unless no-till

  14. Prowl H20 • 3.8 lbs pendimethalin/gal • Aqueous capsule suspension • Water soluble, less staining • Same weed spectrum as Prowl 3.3EC • 2 to 3 pts/A pretransplant incorporated

  15. Devrinol 50DF or 2E • Rate: 2 lb/A of 50DF, 2 qt/A of 2E • Application timing: PreTransplant incorporated • Incorporate immediately, preferably in same operation • Annual grass control mainly • Rotational considerations: • 12 mo. for most crops

  16. Poast 1.5E • 24C special use registration for tobacco • Transplanted and in plant beds • Label is for Poast only, not Poast Plus • Rate: 1.5 pt/A plus 2 pt/A crop oil • Application timing: • Postemergence to grasses • Apply anytime after transplanting up to 42 days before harvest • Apply to 6-8” actively growing annual grass • Shattercane and johnsongrass: 18 to 25 inches

  17. Poast 1.5E • Spot treatment with backpack sprayer: • 1% to 1.5% Poast solution plus 1% COC. • 1.3 to 2 oz/gal Poast, 1.3 oz/gal COC. • Cultivation: • Do not cultivate within 5 d before or 7 d after Poast application. • Do not mix Poast with other pesticides

  18. Common RagweedAmbrosia artemisiifolia • Command is only option for control. • Not controlled by Spartan

  19. NutsedgeCyperus spp. Yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Nutsedge competition with tobacco • Controlled with Spartan.

  20. MorninggloryIpomoea spp. flower Entireleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Tall morningglory Ipomoea purpurea • Spartan is only option for control.

  21. PigweedAmaranthus spp. Tall Waterhemp Palmer Amaranth Smooth Pigweed seedling flower & seed • No control from Command. • Controlled by Prowl or Spartan.

  22. Velvetleaf and Common LamsquartersAbutilon theophrasti and Chenopodium album • Velvetleaf • Good control from Command • Some control from Prowl • Common lambsquarters • Controlled by Spartan, Command, or Prowl • Excellent control from Spartan

  23. Grasses Large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Foxtail competition in tobacco • Annual grasses (foxtails, crabgrass, • fall panicum) controlled by Prowl, • Command, Devrinol, Poast • Johnsongrass: • Prowl followed by Poast Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

  24. Troublesome Perennials • Horsenettle • Increases TMV, etch virus • Tillage • Suppression in corn with Callisto or multiple Roundup apps. • Honeyvine milkweed • Tillage • Suppression in corn with multiple apps. of Beacon or Permit Photo courtesy of K.W. Bradley, Virginia Tech

  25. Spartan Activity & Mode of Action • Photosensitizes • Plants actively take-up • Exposure to sunlight causes membrane disruption • Susceptible plants turn necrotic and die

  26. Spartan Contaminated Sprayer Dark Burley

  27. Spartan Splash Injury

  28. Spartan Root Uptake Injury

  29. Herbicide Programs for Dark TobaccoTreatments 2006 – MSU, Murray, KY *PRE=pretransplant surface application; PPI=pretransplant incorporated application. PPI treatments incorporated immediately with RoTerra mechanical tiller. All treatments applied 1 day prior to transplanting.

  30. Herbicide Programs for Dark Tobacco2006 – MSU, Murray, KY – Mid-Season Plot Rating

  31. LSD0.05 = 131 182 461 546 (total) Total Yield (lbs/A): 2599 2491 2823 2499 3007 2426 2549 2715 1723 Yield (lbs/A) Herbicide Programs for Dark Tobacco2006 – MSU, Murray, KY – Dark-fired Yield

  32. Command Spartan

  33. Spartan + Command Prowl

  34. Prowl fb Spartan Tillam

  35. Tillam + Devrinol Devrinol

  36. Diagnosing Herbicide Damage in Tobacco • Look for symptom • Stunting • Leaf distortion • Abnormal vein patterns • Discoloration • Look for possible sources of chemical exposure • Drift • Other crops near by • Rights of way • Contaminated Sprayer • Contaminated Water Supply • Contaminated Fertilizer or Spreader Equipment

  37. Triazines • Chemicals • Atrazine • Simazine • Symptoms • Yellow, dead tissue begins along leaf tip and margins, then moves to areas between secondary veins

  38. < 0.05 ppm No damage 0.05 - 0.20 Injury possible depending on climatic conditions > 0.20 Injury expected Run-off Contaminated Sprayer Corn Sprayer Back Siphon Contaminated Fertilizer Buggy or Wagon for hauling plants Use of same equipment used for corn Triazine Soil Test Crop Exposure

  39. Triazine Injury on TransplantsContaminated wagon for hauling plants

  40. Growth Regulators • 2,4-D • Damage only to developing leaves at time of drift • Can assess date of exposure • Banvel (Dicamba) • Similar to 2,4-D • Damage more persistent, more cupping of leaves downward • Tordon (Picloram) Milestone, Forefront (aminopyralid) • Extreme sensitivity in tobacco (0.3 ppb) • Water Soluble • Extremely persistent in soil (1 year +)

  41. Growth Regulator Symptoms

  42. Growth Regulator Injury to Transplants

  43. Tordon (Picloram) Injury to Transplants Dark Burley

  44. Milestone, Forefront (Aminopyralid)

  45. Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Inhibitors includes Accent, Beacon, Exceed, Lightning, Pursuit • For Johnsongrass control in corn • Other ALS inhibitors specific to broadleaf weeds • Drifts for a considerable distance • Yellowing • Leaf tip • Spots • Causes restricted vein (stem) growth • Lamina puckering

  46. ALS Inhibitor - Symptoms

  47. Permit Envoke ALS Inhibitor Symptoms – Dark Tobacco

  48. Glyphosate (Roundup and others) Early injury appears as pale yellow confined to terminal Netting appears as terminal leaves expand on burley Netting usually not seen on dark tobacco

  49. Paraquat Injury

  50. HPPD-inhibitors of Chlorophyll Callisto, Lexar Direct applications lethal to tobacco Tobacco can survive drift from corn

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