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Weed Control

Weed Control. Topic 2044 Melissa M. Fowler. What is a Weed?. Any plant that is out of place Any plant that grows where it isn’t wanted Examples A corn plant growing in a soybean field A tulip growing in the middle of a yard. Detrimental Effects. Compete with crops for Moisture Light

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Weed Control

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  1. Weed Control Topic 2044 Melissa M. Fowler

  2. What is a Weed? • Any plant that is out of place • Any plant that grows where it isn’t wanted • Examples • A corn plant growing in a soybean field • A tulip growing in the middle of a yard

  3. Detrimental Effects • Compete with crops for • Moisture • Light • Nutrients • Contaminate crops and their products • Off flavored milk • Weed seeds in a seed crop • Carry pathogens

  4. Detrimental Effects Cont. • Poisonous to livestock • Loco Weed • Nightshade • Milkweed • Increased production costs • Cultivation • Chemicals • Seedbed preparation • Nuisance

  5. Beneficial Effects • Prevent erosion • Provide food and cover for wildlife • Reduce leaching of minerals • Add organic matter

  6. Eradication vs. Control • Eradication • Killing every existing plant • Destroying all reproductive organs • Dormant seeds • Below ground organs • Control • Reducing existing plants • Presence of some weeds does not seriously interfere with the area’s economic use.

  7. Prevention • Use clean, weed-free seed • Use clean equipment • Grow weed-adapted crops • Watch for weed seeds in packing material or nursery stock

  8. Methods of Control • Biological • Mechanical • Chemical

  9. Biological Control • Caterpillars • Used to kill thorny shrubs • Fungus • Velvetleaf will wilt and die • No harm to crops or ornamentals • Fungal Spores • Sprayed on rice crop • Weeds controlled within 7 to 10 days • As effective as herbicides • No damage to rice

  10. Biological Control Cont. • Allelopathy • Plants produce chemicals • Chemicals harmful to other plants • Chemicals exude through plant roots or will be washed from leaves by rain

  11. Mechanical Control • Cultivation • Uproot and/or cut off roots • Mulches • Layer of plant or artificial material on soil surface • Work by cutting off light source • Burning (1800oF) • Flame directed on weeds for short time • Done in cotton • Effective for killing small weeds

  12. Mechanical Control Cont. • Flooding • Used on rice paddies • Kills non-aquatic weeds

  13. Chemical Control • Herbicides • Depend on rain to wash them into soils • Types of Application • Preplant • Preplant incorporated • Preemergence • Postemergence

  14. Herbicide Types • Contact • Kills the part of the plant that it touches (contacts) • Not carried throughout the plant • Will not kill perennial weeds • Example: Paraquat • Systematic • Blocks metabolic activity • Translocated throughout the plant • Necessary to kill perennial weeds • Example: Roundup

  15. Herbicide Types Cont. • Selective • Kills one type of plant but not another • Some will kill broadleaves, but not grasses • Others will kill some grasses and some broadleaves, but not others • Example: Atrazine • All selective herbicides are systematic BUT not all systematic herbicides are selective.

  16. Surfactants • Sticking agent added to help herbicides stick • Facilitate absorption of chemical • Also known as: Crop Oil Concentrate (COC)

  17. Active Ingredient (a.i.) • Ingredient that actually kills the plant • Pounds/ acre • Ounces/ acre • Too little will not work sufficiently • Too much will harm the crop and cause pollution • Follow label directions

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