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Exploring the Concept of Time: A Fascinating Study in Temporality

Delve into profound questions about time's nature, from its reality to its direction, as explored by philosophers and scientists across history. Unveil the mysteries of time's existence, movement, and potential end in this thought-provoking journey through philosophical musings and scientific theories.

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Exploring the Concept of Time: A Fascinating Study in Temporality

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  1. TIME

  2. TIME : Defined… • 2timeFunction: verbInflected Form(s): timed; tim·ingtransitive senses1 a: to arrange or set the time of : SCHEDULEb: to regulate (a watch) to keep correct time2: to set the tempo, speed, or duration of … • 3 : to cause to keep time with something4: to determine or record the time, duration, or rate of <time a horse>5: to dispose : to keep or beat time From Webster’s Dictionary

  3. WHAT IS TIME? • Is time real? • Is time psychological? • Is time an illusion? • Has time existed forever? • If time had a beginning, why and how did it start? • Does time really move? • Where is time going? • Does time go only in one direction? • Does time ever come back? • Does time have cycles? • Does time come in quanta, like energy? • Will time ever end? • Can time stop?

  4. “TIME IS THE MOVING IMAGE OF ETERNITY. IT IS AS IF WE WERE FLOATING ON A RIVER, CARRIED BY THE CURRENT PAST THE MANIFOLD OF EVENTS WHICH ARE SPREAD OUT TIMELESSLY ON THE BANK.” PLATO

  5. “TIME GLIDES BY WITH CONSTANT MOVEMENT, NOT UNLIKE A STREAM. FOR NEITHER CAN A STREAM STAY ITS COURSE, NOR CAN THE FLEETING HOUR.” OVID

  6. SAINT AUGUSTINE ‘CONFESSIONS’ (5TH CENTURY) “HOW, THEN, CAN THESE TWO KINDS OF TIME, THE PAST AND THE FUTURE BE, WHEN THE PAST NO LONGER IS AND THE FUTURE AS YET DOES NOT EXIST ?”

  7. The Arrow of Time “RUINE HATH TAUGHT ME THUS TO RUMINATE: THAT TIME WILL COME AND TAKE MY LOVE AWAY. THIS THOUGHT IS AS A DEATH WHICH CANNOT CHOOSE BUT WEEP TO HAVE THAT WHICH IT FEARS TO LOSE.” William Shakespeare Sonnet 64, 11 – 14

  8. “THE MOVING FINGER WRITES; AND HAVING WRIT, MOVES ON: NOR ALL YOUR PIETY NOR WIT SHALL LURE IT BACK TO CANCEL HALF A LINE, NOR ALL YOUR TEARS WASH OUT A WORD OF IT.” Omar Khayyám translated: E. Fitzgerald

  9. “With Earth’s first Clay They did the Last Man’s knead, And then of the Last Harvest sow’d the Seed: Yea, the first Morning of Creation wrote What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.” Omar Khayyám translated: E. Fitzgerald

  10. “TIME WILL RUN BACK, AND FETCH THE AGE OF GOLD” John Milton

  11. “TIME GOES, YOU SAY? AH NO! ALAS, TIME STAYS, WE GO” Austin Dobson Collected Poems 1905

  12. “FOR WHEN I WAS A BABE AND WEPT AND SLEPT, TIME CREPT; WHEN I WAS A BOY AND LAUGHED AND TALKED, TIME WALKED; THEN WHEN THE YEARS SAW ME A MAN, TIME RAN BUT AS I OLDER GREW, TIME FLEW.” Henry Twells

  13. “ GATHER YE ROSEBUDS WHILE YE MAY, OLD TIME IS STILL A-FLYING “ Robert Herrick 17th Century Poet

  14. “Absolute, true, and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature, flows equably without relation to anything external.” Isaac Newton

  15. “I NEVER WORRY ABOUT THE FUTURE IT COMES SOON ENOUGH” A. Einstein

  16. THE ARROW OF TIME WHY DOES TIME NEVERGO BACKWARD? The answer apparently lies not in the laws of nature, which hardly distinguish between past and future, but in the conditions prevailing in the early universe.

  17. CAN TIME STOP?

  18. Past and Future We think we can change and influence the future (OR CAN WE?) Can we change the past (under suitable circumstances)?

  19. THE PAST EXISTS ONLY AS A RECORD IN THE PRESENT

  20. WHY DO WE REMEMBER THE PAST AND NOT THE FUTURE?

  21. WHY DO WE REMEMBER THE PAST AND NOT THE FUTURE? INDEED, WE “REMEMBER” THE FUTURE WHEN WE MAKE “PREDICTIONS”!

  22. Cosmological Theories The Big Bang Theory The Universe exploded some 13.7 billion years ago from a very compact, very hot, high density state, and it is still expanding.

  23. Direction of Time ? • Historical Arrow of Time • Evolution of the Universe • Formation of galaxies, stars; biology – • [Generation of order or information – simpler • to more complex]

  24. Cosmic Evolution Evolution of Matter Big Bang, galaxies, stars, heavy elements, planets, earth, life Evolution of Life Bacteria, algae, multicell organisms, fish, reptiles mammals, man Evolution of Intelligence Nomadic Life, fire, and Technology language, settlements, agriculture, writing, art, industry and technology, conquest of space

  25. BIG BANG OBSERVATIONAL SUPPORT • The universe is expanding (Hubble’s Law). • There is a blackbody 2.7 K background remnant radiation from the “primordial fireball”. • There are small fluctuations in the background radiation indicating the seeds of clusters of galaxies. • The He and D abundances fit the predicted values derived from a hot Big Bang. • The ages of the oldest stars agree with the age of the expanding universe. • The observed overall isotropy and homogeneity of the universe is consistent with the Big Bang.

  26. THE ARROW OF TIME “Creation” Big Bang … Oldest Elements …… Oldest Galaxies ……… Our Galaxy ………… Oldest Stars …………… The Sun ……………… The Earth ………………… 4.5 x 109 years

  27. ThermodynamicArrow of Time • Paradoxically the arrow of time can be defined with the opposite processes!! • Processes which destroy information and generate disorder (ENTROPY) • Melting an ice cube in hot tea • Evaporating a bottle of perfume

  28. ENTROPY A measure of ORDER or DISORDER A measure of INFORMATION or CHAOS From LOW ENTROPY to HIGH ENTROPY HISTORICAL ARROW OF TIME: From high entropy to low entropy THERMODYNAMIC ARROW OF TIME: From low entropy to high entropy

  29. COSMIC ENTROPY • At the hot Big Bang the universe within its horizon was very smooth, and the ENTROPY was at a MINIMUM state. (That is the total INFORMATION at the Big Bang was at a MAXIMUM). • The Universe expanded and the temperature decreased, and the NET ENTROPY INCREASED, OR THE NET INFORMATION DECREASED.

  30. ENTROPY FLUCTUATIONS • During the Big Bang expansion FLUCTUATIONS began to grow and some parts of the Universe decreased in entropy and increased in information (such as the formation of galaxies, stars, and life). But the NET ENTROPY for these systems, integrated over a period of time, also increased, - and eventually all INFORMATION will change into CHAOS(for an open Universe). • Fluctuations into lower Entropy may be due to Gravity

  31. The Paradox of Irreversibility • Historical Arrow of Time – Thermodynamic Arrow of Time Both define preferred directions in time, which seem irreversible. WHY?? • Why the ice cube in hot tea does not get colder and the tea hotter?? • Why the molecules of perfume in the room do not gather together in the bottle?

  32. Order out of Chaos!! • The laws of physics say nothing that these processes cannot happen. • The laws of physics are time-symmetrical (every detailed action could occur in reverse). • It seems that the concept of the passage of time is not needed in the laws of physics.

  33. Universal Arrow of Time • Big Bang Total expansion to infinity Expansion to zero velocity and collapse • Temperature T=Tmax T=Tmin • Entropy S=Smin S=Smax • Relative Order Disorder • Information Chaos

  34. THE ARROW OF TIMETIME ASYMMETRY? • The second law of thermodynamics • The expansion of the universe • Radiation expanding away from its source • The process of measurement in quantum mechanics (the collapse of the wave function) • The decay of the neutral K meson (K°) (is asymmetric in time)

  35. Causality and the Arrow of Time • IF A CAUSES B, THEN B DOES NOT CAUSE A • IF A CAUSES B, THEN A IS EARILER THAN B THIS IS THE TIME ASYMMETRY OF CAUSATION

  36. ? TIME ? • Make a movie of randomly moving molecules of a gas in an enclosure. • Play the movie forwards and backwards… • It would look pretty much the same, and we could not tell which way time is flowing!!!

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