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Chapter 10 Acids and Bases

Chapter 10 Acids and Bases. 10.1 Acids and Bases 10.2 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs. Acids. Arrhenius acids Produce H + ions in water. H 2 O H Cl H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Are electrolytes. Have a sour taste. Corrode metals.

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Chapter 10 Acids and Bases

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  1. Chapter 10 Acids and Bases 10.1 Acids and Bases 10.2 Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

  2. Acids Arrhenius acids • Produce H+ ions in water. H2O HCl H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) • Are electrolytes. • Have a sour taste. • Corrode metals. • React with bases to form salts and water.

  3. Bases Arrhenius bases • Produce OH- ions in water. • Taste bitter or chalky. • Are electrolytes. • Feel soapy and slippery. • React with acids to form salts and water.

  4. Comparing Acids and Bases

  5. Names of Acids • Acids with H and one nonmetal are named with the prefix hydro- and end with -ic acid. HCl hydrochloric acid • Acids with H and a polyatomic ion are named by changing the end of an –ate ion to -ic acid and an –ite ion to -ous acid. HClO3 chloric acid HClO2 chlorous acid

  6. Some Common Bases • Bases with OH- ions are named as the hydroxide of the metal in the formula. NaOH sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide Fe(OH)3 iron (III) hydroxide

  7. BrØnsted-Lowry Acids and Bases According to the BrØnsted-Lowry theory, • Acids are hydrogen ion (H+) donors. • Bases are hydrogen ion (H+) acceptors. donor acceptor hydronium ion HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- + - + +

  8. NH3, A Bronsted-Lowry Base • When NH3 dissolves in water, a few NH3 molecules react with water to form ammonium ion NH4+ and a hydroxide ion. NH3 + H2O NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq) acceptor donor +- + +

  9. Conjugate Acids and Bases • An acid that donates H+ forms a conjugate base. • A base that accepts a H+ forms a conjugate acid. • In an acid-base reaction, there are two conjugate acid-base pairs. acid 1 conjugate base 1 + + base 2 conjugate acid 2 HF H3O+ F- H2O

  10. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs • A conjugate acid-base pair is two substances related by a loss or gain of H+. + + acid 1– conjugate base 1 base 2– conjugate acid 2 HF H3O+ F- H2O HF, F- H2O, H3O+

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