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Innovative Air Distribution for Healthcare Facilities

Innovative Air Distribution for Healthcare Facilities. Hospitals Variety of spaces, each with different needs Operate continuously Nursing care facilities Surgery Suites Clinical Facilities. Types of Healthcare Facilities. Operational Characteristics of a Hospital.

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Innovative Air Distribution for Healthcare Facilities

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  1. Innovative Air Distribution for Healthcare Facilities

  2. Hospitals Variety of spaces, each with different needs Operate continuously Nursing care facilities Surgery Suites Clinical Facilities Types of Healthcare Facilities

  3. Operational Characteristics of a Hospital • Most areas operate continuously (24/7) • Most spaces have perimeter exposures (wide load swings) • HVAC costs represent about 45% of hospital utility costs • Hospital utility costs are 40% higher than other buildings

  4. HVAC service demand varies significantly Cooling and heating loads vary according to season Cooling loads significantly lower during night and evening hours System must be designed for maximum capacities Exceeded less than 1% of the time Seattle (0.4%) design 85DB/65WB Portland design 90DB/67WB Operational Characteristics of a Hospital

  5. Operational Characteristics of a Hospital Load includes Patient, Healthcare Team, Family, Equipment, and Solar

  6. Mixed Air Systems Supply air at 600 fpm Throw to 150 fpm Entrained air at 75 deg+ Throw to 50 fpm

  7. C.V. Terminal 2,600 BTUH 6,600 BTUH DESIGN Flow(CFM) Over Cooling! MIN 55oF Primary Air o o o Why Not Save Energy and Sound with Active Chilled Beams

  8. Protective Isolation Room Pressurization Hall (-) Patient Room (+)

  9. Ceiling Based for Dilution Ventilation Nursing Area HVAC Requirements • Inpatient care units • Positive/neutral pressure vs. hallway • Total airflow rate* of 4 to 6 ACH-1 • No stagnant areas • Chilled beams • Constant air volume • Consistent room air movement • Guaranteed ventilation delivery • Easy to maintain pressurization • Quiet • Minimal maintenance * Outdoor airflow rate must be at least 2 ACH-1 Under Window Displacement Ventilation

  10. Active Chilled Beams Constant Air Volume Operation Airflow requirement reduced by 2/3 or more Remainder of sensible load removed by chilled water, (above the dew point)

  11. An Active Chilled Beam is just a Diffuser

  12. An Active Chilled Beam is just a Diffuser • Pressure relationship between room and hallway must be maintained. • Air is only re-circulated within the room, (like a standard diffuser). • Water in coil must be above dew point, a dry coil.

  13. Active Chilled Beams • Filtration normally required where room air is circulated through cooling coil • OSHPOD will review on case by case basis to determine that the system can guarantee that the chilled water will be above the due point.

  14. Chilled Beams with VFL Constant Volume Regulator Active Chilled Beams typically require 0.4-0.6”w.g. S.P.

  15. Energy Savings Conventional Patient Room, 120 rooms ~ 48,000 CFM @ 2” w.g. 24/7/365 = 32BHP @ 0.07$/KWH = $16,500/yr Operating Cost Vs Active Chilled Beam Solution, 120 rooms ~ 16,000 CFM @ 2” w.g. 24/7/365 = 9.8BHP @ 0.07$/KWH = $ 3,600/yr Operating Cost Over 75% saving in Op. Cost Savings!!!

  16. Sound Reduction Conventional Patient Room ~ Terminal Unit @ 400 CFM; Rad. NC 21, Dis. NC 22, + Diffuser Resulting in Room NC of 30 Vs Active Chilled Beam Solution, per room ~ Terminal Unit @ 100 CFM; Rad. NC <10, Dis. NC <10, + Chilled Beam Resulting in Room NC of 25

  17. Savings to Project • Less Structure due to smaller Air Handler • Smaller Shaft Sizes • Smaller Duct Sizes • Possible Shorter Building Height • Possible Elimination of Terminal Units, (DOAS) • Elimination of DDC Points

  18. Infectious Isolation Room Pressurization Hall (+) Patient Room (-)

  19. Nursing Area HVAC Requirements • Infectious isolation units • Negative pressure vs. adjoining spaces • Total airflow rate* of 6 ACH-1 • All exhaust direct to outdoors • Minimize stagnant areas • Chilled beams • Constant air volume • Consistent room air movement • Guaranteed ventilation delivery • Easy to maintain pressurization • Quiet • Minimal maintenance * Outdoor airflow rate must be at least 2 ACH-1

  20. Infectious Isolation Room Pressurization VFL Volume Flow Regulator (+) VFL Volume Flow Regulator (-) VFL Volume Flow Regulator (-) VFL Volume Flow Regulator (+) Exhaust Hall (+) Patient Room (-)

  21. Nursing Area HVAC Requirements • Infectious isolation units • Protective isolation rooms • Positive pressure vs. adjoining spaces • Total airflow rate* of 15 ACH-1 • All exhaust direct to outdoors • No stagnant areas * Outdoor airflow rate must be at least 2 ACH-1

  22. Protective Isolation Room Pressurization VFL Volume Flow Regulator (-) VFL Volume Flow Regulator (+) VFL Volume Flow Regulator (+) VFL Volume Flow Regulator (-) Exhaust Hall (-) Patient Room (+)

  23. TROX Clean Beam • Face removes for stage 1 cleaning • Entire coil can be removed if stage 2 cleaning required • Can be furnished with lint filter

  24. TROX Clean Beam Stage 1 Cleaning (No coil removal) Stage 2 Cleaning (Coil removed)

  25. Contamination considerations Clean air should “flood” operating area No entrainment of unfiltered air Comfort considerations High lighting and activity levels Lower design temperatures Air distribution requirements Low velocities in operating area Minimize effects of obstacles in air stream Air Distribution in Surgical Suites

  26. Supply Diffusers for Surgical Suites • Procondif diffuser • Honeycomb core • Directional laminar discharge • Operating table height • No room air entrainment • Airstream width ≈ 6 feet • Optional high efficiency filter

  27. Supply Diffusers for Surgical Suites ASHRAE STANDARD 170-2008 “Ventilation of Health Care Facilities” Is Now Published 7.4.1 Surgery Rooms, Class B & C Operating Rooms a. “Airflow shall be unidirectional, downwards…over the patient and surgical team”

  28. Occupied 12 to 16 hours daily Cooling and/or heating loads vary according to season Must be designed for peak loads which occur infrequently High risk of exposure to disease Waiting areas Examination rooms Operational Characteristics of a Clinical Facility

  29. Displacement Terminals in Healthcare Facilities Low Sidewall Mounted Diffusers

  30. Displacement Terminals in Healthcare Facilities Quarter Round Diffuser

  31. Displacement Terminals in Examination Rooms

  32. 8-10” Displacement Chilled Beams in Patient Rooms

  33. Innovative Air Distribution for Healthcare Facilities

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