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Understanding Neurons and the Brain: Functions and Facts

Learn about the different types of neurons, the functions of the CNS and PNS, and interesting facts about the brain. Explore how sensory, motor, and interneurons work together to transmit and interpret information. Discover the role of the spinal cord in controlling reflexes.

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Understanding Neurons and the Brain: Functions and Facts

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  1. The CNS interprets information, and the PNS gathers and transmits information.

  2. Types of Neurons Sensory neurons- detect stimuli and send signals to CNS. Interneurons- receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the CNS. Motor neurons- pass messages from the nervous system to other body tissues, such as muscles.

  3. Brain Facts • Weighs ~ 3 pounds • Has more than 100 billion nerves • Protected by meninges (3 layers of connective tissue) and cerebrospinal fluid

  4. The brain has three parts • Cerebrum • Controls thought, movement, • emotion • Has two hemispheres that • control opposite sides of the • body • Outer layer called cerebral • cortex

  5. 2. Cerebellum- controls balance

  6. midbrain pons medulla oblongata 3. The brain stem- controls basic life functions • midbrain controls some reflexes • pons regulates breathing • medulla oblongatacontrols heart function, swallowing, coughing

  7. interneuron motor neurons sensory neuron The Spinal Cord- bundle of neurons the size of your thumb • Controls reflexes- does not involve the brain

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