Federal Aviation Regulations (including accident reporting, TSA security and light sport)

1. Federal Aviation Regulations(including accident reporting, TSA security and light sport)

2. Questions • There is a repetitive AD on your glider (i.e., Schweizer tow hook inspection). What are the PIC requirements for this AD?

3. §61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations. • Q. - A pilot-in-command requires to carry a photo ID. How does a 14 year old non-driver comply with the photo ID requirement? • A - Pilot certificate. A person may not act as pilot-in-command or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of U.S. registry, unless that person— • (2) Has a photo identification that is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization. The photo identification must be a:

4. §61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations. • (i) Valid driver's license issued by a State, the District of Columbia, or territory or possession of the United States; • (ii) Government identification card issued by the Federal government, a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States; • (iii) U.S. Armed Forces' identification card; • (iv) Official passport; • (v) Credential that authorizes unescorted access to a security identification display area at an airport regulated under 49 CFR part 1542; or • (vi) Other form of identification that the Administrator finds acceptable.

5. §61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements. • Q - Does a student pilot require an endorsement (“method of launch” endorsement) of ground and flight training and proficiency for aerotow to be made before solo? • A - Yes. (j) Additional training required for operating a glider. (1) No person may act as pilot in command of a glider— (ii) Using aerotow procedures, unless that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on aerotow procedures and operations, and has received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot's logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in aerotow procedures and operations;

6. §61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements. • Q - If you got your glider rating in 1996, and want to fly a self-launch glider, do you require a self launch “method of launch” endorsement? • A - Maybe! (2) The holder of a glider rating issued prior to August 4, 1997, is considered to be in compliance with the training and logbook endorsement requirements of this paragraph for the specific operating privilege for which the holder is already qualified. • Q – How do you prove that you held/hold such a glider rating?

7. §61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements. • Q - If you are going to fly a singleplace glider with an experimental certificate, do you require a “method of launch” endorsement? • A - Yes. (k) Exceptions. (2) The rating limitations of this section [FAR §61.31] do not apply to— • (iii) The holder of a pilot certificate when operating an aircraft under the authority of— • (B) An experimental certificate, unless the operation involves carrying a passenger; • [FAR §61.31 (b), (c) and (d) contain rating limitations; (j) contains additional training requirements.]

8. §61.51 Pilot logbooks. • Q - What details are required to be logged for flight training and ground training given by a CFIG? • (a) Training time and aeronautical experience. Each person must document and record the following time in a manner acceptable to the Administrator: • (1) Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review of this part. • (b) Logbook entries. For the purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, each person must enter the following information for each flight or lesson logged:

9. §61.51 Pilot logbooks. • (1) General— • (i) Date. • (ii) Total flight time or lesson time. • (iii) Location where the aircraft departed and arrived… • (iv) Type and identification of aircraft… • (2) Type of pilot experience or training. • (iv) Flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor.

10. §61.53 Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency. • Q - If you do not have actual knowledge that you have a medical condition that would make you unfit to operate a glider, is it legal for you to operate a glider? • A - NO! (b) Operations that do not require a medical certificate. For operations provided for in §61.23(b) of this part [operations not requiring a medical certificate], a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner.

11. §61.56 Flight review. • Q - If you are conducting a flight review using the rule that permits 3 glider flights in lieu of 1 hour of flight training, can one of these flights be a simulated rope break at 300 feet? • A - Yes! (b) Glider pilots may substitute a minimum of three instructional flights in a glider, each of which includes a flight to traffic pattern altitude, in lieu of the 1 hour of flight training required in paragraph (a) of this section.

12. §61.56 Flight review. • Q - A foreign glider pilot who has just received issuance of a US private glider pilot certificate on the basis of his foreign glider pilot certificate [under FAR§ 61.75; i.e. without taking a practical test] comes to your club – does he need a flight review before flying as pilot-in-command in a club glider? • A - Yes. (c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has— • (1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor …

13. Solo Requirements • Q - Is the holder of a private airplane rating undergoing training for a glider rating require to pass a knowledge test before first operating a glider in solo flight? • A - No. §61.87 Solo requirements for student pilots • (a) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless … (b) [has] demonstrate[d] satisfactory aeronautical knowledge on a knowledge test …] • Can the Instructor require this on their own? Yes

14. STUDENT PILOT[Endorsements Required for Solo] – FARs §61.31(j) and §61.87(b), (c), (i) and (n) • Q - What endorsements must a student pilot have prior to sole? • (i) has satisfactorily completed a pre-solo written test as required by FAR §61.87(b) demonstrating knowledge of the applicable sections of FAR Part 61 and Part 91, airspace rules and procedures, and the flight characteristics and operational limitations for a (glider make/model), • (ii) has reviewed with me all incorrect answers given in the written test,

15. STUDENT PILOT[Endorsements Required for Solo] – FARs §61.31(j) and §61.87(b), (c), (i) and (n) • (iii) has received the instruction required by FAR §61.31(j) and FAR §61.87(c) and (i) in that glider, • (iv) has satisfactorily accomplished the ground and flight training in aerotow procedures and operations and proficiency therein required by FAR §61.31(j)(1), • (v) has demonstrated satisfactory proficiency in that glider in the applicable maneuvers and procedures included in FAR §61.87(i), and • (vi) is competent to make solo flights in that glider.

16. STUDENT PILOT[Endorsements Required for Solo] – FARs §61.31(j) and §61.87(b), (c), (i) and (n) • [The foregoing solo authorization is given provided that each such flight is carried out • (a) when the surface wind (steady or gusting) does not exceed ___ knots , • (b) when the surface wind direction is not more than ___ degrees off the takeoff runway direction, and • (c) entirely within gliding range of the takeoff point.] • [This approval is valid for the ___ days immediately following the date of this endorsement.] • PLUS a glider make/model endorsement on the student’s pilot certificate

17. Flight Proficiency and Practical Test – FARs §61.39(a) and §61.107 • Q – What endorsements are required prior to sending a candidate up for their practical test? • (i) has received the ground and flight training in the applicable areas of operation listed in FAR §61.107(b), • (ii) is competent to perform and is proficient in each such area of operation to the standard of a private pilot glider, • (iii) has received the required 3 training flights in a glider in preparation for a private pilot glider practical test within the preceding 60 days, • (iv) is prepared for the practical test, [and • (v) has received additional instruction and demonstrated satisfactory knowledge in the subject areas in which the applicant was shown to be deficient in the knowledge test.]

18. Light-Sport Aircraft – Definition FAR §1.1 • Q - Your club has an SZD 50-3 Puchacz 2-place training sailplane. Does the Puchacz qualify as a light-sport aircraft, which can be operated by the holder of a sport pilot certificate with an endorsement giving glider privileges? • A light-sport aircraft is an aircraft that since its original certification has (Puchacz in parenthesis) – • A max. takeoff weight (if a landplane) of not more than 1,320 pounds (1,257 pounds) • A max. never exceed speed of not more than 120 knots CAS (116 knots) • A max. stalling speed of not more than 45 knots CAS (39 knots) • A max. seating capacity of no more than two (2)

19. FARs §61.315 – Limits of Sport Pilot Certificate • Q - A Schweizer 1-26 meets the definition of light-sports aircraft. Can the holder of a sport pilot certificate with an endorsement for a 1-26 make an attempt, and qualify for, an FAI height diamond badge (requires gain of height of 5,000 meters/16,404 feet)? • Sorry! (c) You may not act as pilot in command of a light sport aircraft: (11) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL.

20. Sport Pilot Instructing Requirements • Q - You are a current CFIG. Can you, without holding a sport pilot certificate and instructor qualification, give instruction in a light sport glider to a student with a view to his earning a sports pilot certificate for gliders? • Your ‘traditional’ CFIG rating (issued under subpart H of Part 61) authorizes you to give instruction in gliders. As it relates to gliders, the definition of light-sport aircraft defines a sub-category of glider. You are authorized to give instruction in all gliders (with appropriate method of launch endorsement), including light sport gliders. • Your instructing privileges set out in §61.193 are not restricted to exclude light sport gliders.

21. 49 CFR Part 1552 (Flight Schools) • Q - Under CFR Part 1552 (“Flight Schools”) a student who is not a citizen of the United States requires a background check before beginning training, and flight instructors require security awareness training, and must keep certain records and make them available for inspection by TSA. The regulations do not apply to glider pilots. Where is the authority for this exemption contained, and why is it important to keep details of this information?

22. 49 CFR Part 1552 (Flight Schools) • Full exemption for glider training and glider instructors is granted by Transportation Security Administration, Docket No. TSA-2004-19147, letter dated October 29, 2004. • It is important that every glider operation – club or commercial – keep a copy of the exemption letter on site as there have been cases of attempted TSA enforcement action in the gliding community in ignorance of the existence of the exemption. • Copies of the exemption letter can be obtained from the SSF.

23. Part 830 • Q1 - A reportable accident occurs to a club-owned glider; you are a club member and were the PIC – do you personally have a reporting obligation and, if yes, when? • Q2 - A club glider is involved in a reportable incident in which it sustains damage of $30,000 – is the incident one which requires immediate notification, or not? • §830.2 Definitions • As used in this part the following words or phrases are defined as follows:

24. Part 830 (Definitions) • Aircraft accident means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. • Fatal injury means any injury which results in death within 30 days of the accident. Incident means an occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations.

25. Part 830 Definitions. • Operator means any person who causes or authorizes the operation of an aircraft, such as the owner, lessee, or bailee [one to whom property is entrusted] of an aircraft. Serious injury means any injury which: (1) Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days from the date of the injury was received; (2) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose); (3) causes severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage; (4) involves any internal organ; or (5) involves second- or third-degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface. • Substantial damage means damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component. Engine failure or damage limited to an engine if only one engine fails or is damaged, bent fairings or cowling, dented skin, small punctured holes in the skin or fabric, ground damage to rotor or propeller blades, and damage to landing gear, wheels, tires, flaps, engine accessories, brakes, or wingtips are notconsidered “substantial damage” for the purpose of this part.

26. The operator of any civil aircraft, or any public aircraft not operated by the Armed Forces or an intelligence agency of the United States, or any foreign aircraft shall immediately, and by the most expeditious means available, notify the nearest National Transportation Safety Board (Board) field office when: • (a) An aircraft accident or any of the following listed incidents occur: • (1) Flight control system malfunction or failure; • (2) Inability of any required flight crewmember to perform normal flight duties as a result of injury or illness; • (3) Failure of structural components of a turbine engine excluding compressor and turbine blades and vanes; • (4) In-flight fire; or • (5) Aircraft collide in flight.

27. Immediate Notification • (6) Damage to property, other than the aircraft, estimated to exceed $25,000 for repair (including materials and labor) or fair market value in the event of total loss, whichever is less. • (b) An aircraft is overdue and is believed to have been involved in an accident.

28. Part 830 • §830.6 Information to be given in notification. • §830.10 Preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and records. • §830.15 Reports and statements to be filed. • Reports. The operator of a civil, public (as specified in §830.5), or foreign aircraft shall file a report on Board Form 6120 within 10 days after an accident, or after 7 days if an overdue aircraft is still missing. A report on an incident for which immediate notification is required by §830.5(a) shall be filed only as requested by an authorized representative of the Board.

29. Golden Rule of FAR interpretation • If it says you can, YOU CAN; • If it says you can’t, YOU CAN’T; • If it says neither, YOU MIGHT!

30. Last Questions – • What is the period of validity of a Student Pilot Certificate? • If you solo a transition student (e.g. the holder of a private airplane rating), how long is the solo endorsement good for?

32. Questions • A pilot-in-command requires to carry a photo ID. How does a 14 year old non-driver comply with the photo ID requirement? • Does a student pilot require an endorsement (“method of launch” endorsement) of ground and flight training and proficiency for aerotow to be made before solo? • If you got your glider rating in 1996, and want to fly a self-launch glider, do you require a self launch “method of launch” endorsement?

33. Questions • If you are going to fly a singleplace glider with an experimental certificate, do you require a “method of launch” endorsement? • What details are required to be logged for flight training and ground training given by a CFIG? • If you do not have actual knowledge that you have a medical condition that would make you unfit to operate a glider, is it legal for you to operate a glider?

34. Questions • If you are conducting a flight review using the rule that permits 3 glider flights in lieu of 1 hour of flight training, can one of these flights be a simulated rope break at 300 feet? • If you receive the 1 hour of ground instruction required for a flight review in January and the 1 hour of flight training in February, from the end of which month is the 24 month flight review validity period counted – January or February? • A foreign glider pilot who has just received issuance of a US private glider pilot certificate on the basis of his foreign glider pilot certificate [under FAR§ 61.75] [i.e. without taking a practical test] comes to your club – does he need a flight review before flying as pilot-in-command in a club glider?

35. Questions • Does the holder of a private airplane rating undergoing training for a glider rating require to pass a knowledge test before first operating a glider in solo flight? • A reportable accident occurs to a club-owned glider; you are a club member and were the PIC – do you personally have a reporting obligation and, if yes, when? • A club glider is involved in a reportable incident in which it sustains damage of $30,000 – is the incident one which requires immediate notification, or not? • What endorsements must the holder of a student pilot certificate have in his/her logbook prior to solo?

36. Questions • What endorsements must a solo student glider pilot have in his/her logbook prior to being given a recommendation for the private glider practical test? • Your club has an SZD 50-3 Puchacz 2-place training sailplane. Does the Puchacz qualify as a light-sport aircraft, which can be operated by the holder of a sport pilot certificate with an endorsement giving glider privileges? • A Schweizer 1-26 meets the definition of light-sports aircraft. Can the holder of a sport pilot certificate with an endorsement for a 1-26 make an attempt, and qualify for, an FAI height diamond badge (requires gain of height of 5,000 meters/16,404 feet)? • You are a current CFIG. Can you, without holding a sport pilot certificate and instructor qualification, give instruction in a light sport glider to a student with a view to his earning a sports pilot certificate for gliders?

37. §61.56 Flight review. • Q - If you receive the 1 hour of ground instruction required for a flight review in January and the 1 hour of flight training in February, from the end of which month is the 24 month flight review validity period counted – January or February? • (c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has— • (1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor …