General Aviation Security

1. Events in 2009 And A Solution Methodology General Aviation Security

4. Psycho- Babble

5. 2009 GA Security Retrospect • TSA NPRM • Large Aircraft Security Program • Other Aircraft Operator Security Program • Airport Operator Security Program • SD-08G • DHS Inspector General Report: • TSA’s Role in General Aviation Security • 2009 TSA Authorization Act • Mica Amendment • General Aviation Security Enhancement Act of 2009

6. TSA NPRM-2008-0021 • Large Aircraft Security Program • Other Aircraft Operator Security Program • Airport Operator Security Program • 42% of Reliever Airports Unable to Support LA • Insufficient runway length (5,000’ or less) • Insufficient runway load bearing capacity (<12,500 lbs) • No publicly available turbine fuel (Jet A) • Round 2 coming up shortly

7. SD-08G • Official Title: SD1542-04-08G • Began as “08F” • Security badging of GA pilots for non-SA/SIDA access to Commercial Service Airports (Home airport) • Epicenter in Central Colorado • Lesson Learned • Communicate the issue • Share your concern • Don’t accept “the inevitable” • A lesson in Civics • Public pushback set off alarms in Congress….

8. DHS Inspector General Report • Title: TSA’s Role in General Aviation Security • Sneak peak for 20 minutes from now • R = C x T(&t) x V • Is GA a Threat? • DHS IG says risk “limited and mostly hypothetical” • R = C x (zero) x V … equals zero • Consider the frame of reference

9. Frame of Reference • Risk has different contexts • National Security • Preservation of the state • Public Safety • Protection of Uninvolved Public • Industrial Security • Business Continuity • Investment Protection (Asset Protection & Return on Investment) • Local Public Support (Politics & Economics)

10. FY2010 TSA Authorization Act • The Mica Amendment (House Amdt 164 to HR 2200) • Named for Congressman John Mica (R-FL) • Alters Standard for TSA Emergency Regulations or Security Directives • No more than 180 days without undergoing rulemaking process and public comment • To be implemented for more than 180 days the regulation or SD subject to Administrative Procedures Act

11. GA Security for 2010 • LASP…Round 2 • Public comment period complete in late 2009 or early 2010 • Don’t expect another 60 day extension • Legislation in the Hopper • GA Security Enhancement Act of 2009 • Expect rough going in the U.S. Senate • LASP/OAOSP/AOSP Version 2 • Final Rule Late Spring/Early Summer 2010 • Processes to begin by Fall/Winter 2010 My Opinion And Only My Opinion

12. GA Security for 2010 and 2011 • Acting Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) director Dr. Charles Galloway disclosed concept of Gateway Airports • International and Domestic Airports • Locations not in densely populated urban areas • Inspect GA aircraft before travelling to large cities • Galloway disagrees with DHS IG’s threat assessment of General Aviation Source: National DEFENSE magazine, Sept 2009, pg 11

13. Protecting General Aviation • Security isn’t cheap • Applied improperly security measures can be an expensive and unsupportable overhead expense • Applied ineffectively security measures are resented by the very group for which security was applied to protect • Bad security destroys credibility • “One size” doesn’t fit all in GA • “If you’ve seen one airport, you’ve seen one airport.”

14. Return–On–Investment (ROI) • If you’re not getting any ROI, why are you doing it? • Who runs their airport as a charity? • Who’s giving away AvGas? Hangar space? • What do your “investors” expect to get back from the airport?

15. Security is a Business Enabler • Security protects key assets • Business case to create a prioritized list of assets • Anybody here have all the money they could ever want for their airport? • Picking, choosing, prioritizing • Getting the most bang for the buck • In other words… Maximizing available assets and spending wisely to reduce risk to an acceptable level

16. Available Assets? • What assets do you have in abundance at your airport? • Money? • Probably not • Community support? • Maybe • People (airport users & tenants) • Probably so

17. Security is People • People are the “action takers” • Example: the person who sees something suspicious and communicates that to…somebody • People are the “action doers” • Airport management • Tenant management • First responder • Local Law Enforcement • Crash, fire & rescue • Emergency medical services

18. People as Security • Sensors • Optical, aural, olfactory, tactile • Processes • Knowledge of expected actions, concept of mutual defense, action beyond self-interest, education fills experience gaps in general population • Action • Who, what, where, when, how (why…maybe) • Feedback to Sensors

19. Action Takers Able to be aware of surroundings • OODA Loop • O bserve • O rient • D ecide • A ct Knowledge of applicable directives, regulations, & procedures Selection of an act Carrying out the action

20. Creating Security Enablers • This isn’t magic…it’s deliberate planning • An enabler at one airport isn’t necessarily an effective enabler at another…except for 1 KISS • Keep • It • Simple • Sir / Ma’am

21. Event-Based OODA Loop Training, experience, & testing Past Present

22. Process-Based OODA Loop Knowledge of Plans and Future Events Preparation of practice, drills, training, & testing Examples: Airport Master Plan City/County Budget Present Future

23. Systematic Approach to Enablers

24. Enabler…Sensor, Vision • Increase Line-of-Sight at gathering points from where high-value assets can be observed • Example: Trim grass and bushes between gathering location and FBO hangars • Increase desirability of preferred gathering location • Example: Put the Coke or coffee machine where people will have the desired area in natural field of view

25. Enabler…Processes, What is Allowed? • Improve airport regulations to increase opportunity to detect unauthorized access • Example: Close and lock lesser-used gates after hours and have remaining open gates in well-lit areas where buildings or businesses are manned later/earlier • Educate and SUPPORT/REINFORCE those who have the greatest opportunity to detect unauthorized access • Example: Free coffee and donuts for those who attend the airport board meeting (discuss security) • Example: “Eagle Eye” Award for a security catch…free lunch at airport café and plaque for local business

26. Enabler…Action, What To Do? • Everyone is human and subject to making mistakes…make it easy for someone to do the right thing • Example: Laminated pocket card (yes…a checklist) with local emergency and non-emergency telephone numbers • Example:Pocket card tells what information to gather • Example: Pocket card reminds action taker to call or communicate from a safe location

27. Creating Enablers Useful to Your Airport • “If you’ve seen one airport….” • Who knows your airport better than you? • People are your best asset • Tend to be cost effective • Flock in fair weather HOWEVER… • Scarce in bad weather • Scarce at night • Making best use of people will probably allow you to focus scarce dollars on other security areas

28. Review • Our security experience from 2008/2009 • What we can expect to see in 2010 and beyond • How to improve security by using a simple methodology

29. Questions Your turn to hold my feet to the fire

30. Events in 2009AndA Solution Methodology General Aviation Security