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Measurements and the Metric System

Measurements and the Metric System. The Metric System. A universal measurement system Also called the International System or SI units Only three countries worldwide don’t use the metric system (USA, Burma, and Liberia). The Metric System.

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Measurements and the Metric System

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  1. Measurements and the Metric System

  2. The Metric System • A universal measurement system • Also called the International System or SI units • Only three countries worldwide don’t use the metric system (USA, Burma, and Liberia)

  3. The Metric System • Based on multiples of ten (this makes it easy to use) • Uses prefixes to identify larger or smaller units of measure

  4. Metric Conversions - Length Km m dm cm mm x 1000 x 10 x 10 x 10 ÷ 1000 ÷ 10 ÷ 10 ÷10

  5. Metric Conversions - Volume Kl l dl cl ml x 1000 x 10 x 10 x 10 ÷ 1000 ÷ 10 ÷ 10 ÷10

  6. Metric Conversions - Mass Kg g dg cg mg x 1000 x 10 x 10 x 10 ÷ 1000 ÷ 10 ÷ 10 ÷10

  7. Length • A measure of linear distance • Basic unit of length is the meter (m) • Measurements made with a meter stick or metric ruler Metric measurements • The entire meter stick represents one meter • Each number represents a centimeter (there are 100 centimeters in a meter) • Each little line is a millimeter (there are 1000 millimeters in a meter)

  8. Area • The amount of surface included within a set of boundaries • Determined by measuring the length and width of an object, then multiplying Metric measurements Length = 14 cm Width = 7 cm Area = 14 cm x 7 cm = 98 cm2 (Area is always expressed in square units)

  9. Volume • Volume is the space that an object occupies • Represents the length, width, and height of an object • For solids, measurements are based on units of length (ex. cm3) and can be calculated using specific formulas Metric measurements

  10. Calculating the volume of a rectangular prism Volume of a rectangular prism = length x width x height (l x w x h) Metric measurements Length = 10 cm Width = 3 cm Height = 4 cm Volume = l x w x h = 10 cm x 3 cm x 4 cm = 120 cm3 4 cm 3 cm 10 cm

  11. Calculating the volumeof a cylinder Metric measurements Diameter = 10 cm 20 cm

  12. Volume of a liquid • A graduated cylinder is used to accurately measure the volume of liquids in milliliters • Determine the volume in a graduated cylinder by reading the bottom of the meniscus at eye level • Once the volume of a liquid is known, it can be converted to a “solid volume” by using the formula 1 ml = 1 cm3 Metric measurements

  13. Mass • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object • Mass is measured in grams using a balance Metric measurements • The mass of an object remains the same, no matter where in the universe it is measured

  14. Weight Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object by a massive body • Weight is measured in Newtons (N) using a spring scale • Weight varies from place to place depending on the strength of the gravitational force Metric measurements Your weight on Earth = Mass (Kg) X 9.8 m/s² (Earth’s surface gravity) For a person with a mass of 45 Kg Weight = 45 Kg X 9.8 m/s² = 441 N

  15. Gravity Gravity is the force of attraction between objects The strength of the gravitational force between objects depends on: - The distance between the objects ( the gravitational force between objects decreases with distance) -Mass ( the greater the mass of an object, the greater it’s gravitational force) Metric measurements

  16. Density • Density is the mass of a specific volume of an object • Density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume • Units for density are usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3 ) Metric measurements • Since the density of water is 1 g/cm3 anything with a density less than 1 g/cm3 will float in water and anything greater will sink

  17. Calculating Density Volume of Object A = 5 cm x 2 cm x 3 cm = 30 cm³ Mass of Object A = 150 grams (measured on a balance) A Density = Mass Volume Density of Object A = 150 grams = 5 g/cm³ 30 cm³ 3 cm 2 cm 5 cm

  18. Calculating Density 4cm 2cm 4cm 4cm 1cm 4cm

  19. Density Challenge • Find two objects, one a solid and the other a liquid that have the same density • Be able to demonstrate their similar densities by showing that the solid object will suspend itself within the liquid • Rules: • Solid must be suspended and not trapped • May not use any harmful or dangerous products • Must bring in the two substances and then demonstrate your solution in the classroom • A correct solution would be worth 10 bonus points on the upcoming test • Deadline to meet the challenge is Thursday, 10/18

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