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History of Abnormal Psychology

Explore the fluid nature of psychopathology through historical conceptions, from Hippocrates' humoral theory to Paracelsus' beliefs in lunar influences. Learn about early diagnostic streams and therapeutic approaches from past to present.

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History of Abnormal Psychology

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  1. History of Abnormal Psychology

  2. Learning Objectives • Historical conceptions of defining, understanding, and treating psychopathology • Fluid nature of psychopathology • Specific details regarding conceptualizations • Philosophical underpinnings of current diagnostic streams

  3. Hippocrates • 1. Black Bile ---- Depression • 2. Yellow Bile ---- Tension/Anxiety • 3. Phlegm ---- Dull, Sluggishness • 4. Blood ---- Mania/Mood Swings

  4. Paracelcus Man is a microcosm, or a little world, because he is an extract from all the stars and planets of the whole firmament, from the earth and the elements; and so he is their quintessence. Paracelsus

  5. Paracelcus • One category of loss of senses: • lunatics who through their own devices had fallen under the influence of the moon (lunacy), those who were insane from birth, due to careless and passionate sexual intercourse by the parents; witchcraft; and melancholy. Paracelsus also made it quite clear that spirits did not cause mental illness (Green, 2009).

  6. Paracelcus • Therapies that he recommended included bleeding (which he considered to be the main thrust of treatment for mania), essences of gold, silver, iron, mercury, lead, pearls, coral, antimony, sapphire and sulphur (all alchemical remedies), opium, mandrake, astrological shielding to prevent lunacy, and the use of charms to treat those afflicted by witchcraft

  7. Dr. Cameron • Discussed in text • McUltra

  8. Pathways to Conceptualizations Kraeplin Freud Psychological, underlying dynamics of person, personality, and environment Psychoanalytic concepts Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual • Biological, disease processes, causes like viruses • DSM 1-5 and beyond • Current focus on symptom as entity • Lots of concern with reliability

  9. Biomedical Therapies • ECT (started with Meduna) • Psychosurgery (started with Munoz; now called NMD: Neurosurgery for Mental Disorder) • Pre-frontal lobotomy • Transorbital leucotomy • Cingulotomy

  10. Neurosurgery for Mental Disorders (NMD) • Refractory for other treatment • Informed consent • Not common • Only a few centres do NMD • Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation • Gamma Knife

  11. Symptom as Focus (Kraeplin) • Underlying Cause as Focus (Freud)

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