Absolute monarchs said this justified their right to rule

1. Absolute monarchs said this justified their right to rule

2. Absolute monarchs said this justified their right to rule “divine right”

3. French leader while the young king grew up; despite being a member of the Catholic Church, he put France 1st in all things

4. French leader while the young king grew up; despite being a member of the Catholic Church, he put France 1st in all things Cardinal Richelieu

5. The bloodless overthrow of the last Stuart king in England; the new king and queen were invited in, under conditions…

6. The bloodless overthrow of the last Stuart king in England; the new king and queen were invited in, under conditions… The Glorious Revolution

7. Russian nobles who competed for power with the czars, and ruled over their serfs like manor lords

8. Russian nobles who competed for power with the czars, and ruled over their serfs like manor lords boyars

9. Rising Protestant state in northern German area that rivaled Hapsburg Austria for influence in the area after the 30 Years War

10. Rising Protestant state in northern German area that rivaled Hapsburg Austria for influence in the area after the 30 Years War Prussia

11. Northern European Protestant power that united with France at the end of the 30 Years War, and fought Peter the Great for control of the Baltic Sea

12. Northern European Protestant power that united with France at the end of the 30 Years War, and fought Peter the Great for control of the Baltic Sea Sweden

13. Holy Roman Emperor who fought Ottomans, Protestants, and German princes before retiring and dividing his kingdom between his brother and son

14. Holy Roman Emperor who fought Ottomans, Protestants, and German princes before retiring and dividing his kingdom between his brother and son Charles 5th (V)

15. French Protestants who took abuse from the majority of French Catholics and from most of their kings

16. French Protestants who took abuse from the majority of French Catholics and from most of their kings Hugenots

17. He sought to modernize his nation by looking to the learning and ways of western Europe, and he fought the Ottomans and Swedes to become a major sea power

18. He sought to modernize his nation by looking to the learning and ways of western Europe, and he fought the Ottomans and Swedes to become a major sea power Peter the Great

19. Clash between royal supporters (“cavaliers”) and Parliament supporters (“roundheads”) and leads to Puritan control… for a while…

20. Clash between royal supporters (“cavaliers”) and Parliament supporters (“roundheads”) and leads to Puritan control… for a while… English Civil War

21. Long time leader of France, who set the model of an “absolute monarch” and fought to expand French power in influence across Europe

22. Long time leader of France, who set the model of an “absolute monarch” and fought to expand French power in influence across Europe Louis 14th (XIV)

23. Spain had major beef with England because of its support for Protestant rebels here – after the 30 Years war, it becomes an independent country

24. Spain had major beef with England because of its support for Protestant rebels here – after the 30 Years war, it becomes an independent country Netherlands

25. Catholic leader of Spain who fought to squish Protestants and rebels, and tried to smush England for supporting the Netherlands

26. Catholic leader of Spain who fought to squish Protestants and rebels, and tried to smush England for supporting the Netherlands Philip the 2nd (II)

27. Philip sent this to smush England – it got smushed instead

28. Philip sent this to smush England – it got smushed instead Spanish Armada

29. The biggest loser of the 30 Years War – its power was permanently shrunk and the German states under its “control” got much more sovereignty

30. The biggest loser of the 30 Years War – its power was permanently shrunk and the German states under its “control” got much more sovereignty Holy Roman Empire

31. A giant symbol of his efforts to westernize Russia – Peter’s new capital city

32. A giant symbol of his efforts to westernize Russia – Peter’s new capital city St. Petersburg

33. English queen who defied Philip 2nd, and worked to keep England independent of Catholic influence

34. English queen who defied Philip 2nd, and worked to keep England independent of Catholic influence Elizabeth 1st (I)

35. Lavish and palatial mansion of Louis 14th, a symbol of his wealth, power and style

36. Lavish and palatial mansion of Louis 14th, a symbol of his wealth, power and style Versailles

37. These Englishmen were strict in their religious beliefs and wanted to remove any remains of church practices that seemed Catholic-like

38. These Englishmen were strict in their religious beliefs and wanted to remove any remains of church practices that seemed Catholic-like Puritans

39. Nation also created by the Treaty of Westphalia; its people speak 3 languages – French, German, and Italian

40. Nation also created by the Treaty of Westphalia; its people speak 3 languages – French, German, and Italian Switzerland

41. He brought back the title “czar” and rapidly spread the size of Russia – after the death of his wife, paranoia and hatred fueled his bloody smack down on his own people

42. He brought back the title “czar” and rapidly spread the size of Russia – after the death of his wife, paranoia and hatred fueled his bloody smack down on his own people Ivan the Terrible

43. Leader of the Puritans in the English Civil War; he became dictator during the English Commonwealth, and oversaw a strict religious government

44. Leader of the Puritans in the English Civil War; he became dictator during the English Commonwealth, and oversaw a strict religious government Oliver Cromwell

45. This brought major changes to the shape and nature of Europe – it began as a religious beef but by its end religion took back seat to national politics

46. This brought major changes to the shape and nature of Europe – it began as a religious beef but by its end religion took back seat to national politics Thirty Years War

47. Its decline was made worse by losses at sea, nearly constant warfare, pirates, economic depression, religious persecution, and being on the losing side in the 30 Years War

48. Its decline was made worse by losses at sea, nearly constant warfare, pirates, economic depression, religious persecution, and being on the losing side in the 30 Years War Spain

49. Elizabeth’s sister and Philip’s wife – she viciously tried to bring Catholicism back to England until her early death made Elizabeth queen

50. Elizabeth’s sister and Philip’s wife – she viciously tried to bring Catholicism back to England until her early death made Elizabeth queen “Bloody” Queen Mary 1st (I)