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Beef Cattle and Industry

Beef Cattle and Industry. Beef Cattle and Industry. I CAN ….. Identify the main beef breeds Explain how important the industry is and how it works. Describe the characteristics of each breed List the leading states and countries in the beef industry.

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Beef Cattle and Industry

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  1. Beef Cattle and Industry

  2. Beef Cattle and Industry • I CAN ….. • Identify the main beef breeds • Explain how important the industry is and how it works. • Describe the characteristics of each breed • List the leading states and countries in the beef industry.

  3. Figure 16–4:  Historic cattle inventory in the United States. (Source: USDA.)

  4. 1 2 3 2 1 3 3 6

  5. “Breeds Revolution” – period of great expansion in numbers of breeds of beef cattle. Demand for grain-fed beef Meat from cattle which have undergone a significant grain feeding. Increase Carcass weight Historical Evolution

  6. Beef industry – single largest money making-generating commodity in all of agriculture. Beef accounts for 40-45% of cash receipts from animal agriculture. $35 billion Role of Beef Cattle

  7. Beef Cattle Breeds • Breed – animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other group of same species - > 300 world-wide See web site:http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/index.htm

  8. Most US cattle are commercial/crossbred Beef Cattle Breeds • Purebred– • purity of ancestry; pedigrees recorded in their breed registry • Commercial – • livestock not registered or pedigreed; crossbred

  9. Beef Cattle Breeds (identify & know purpose) • 3 general categories: • British breeds (Bos taurus)– Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn • maternal– fertility, longevity, milk production • earlier maturity (puberty); less muscular • Exotic or Continental breeds (Bos taurus) – Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, etc. • Paternal (terminal) - growth rate, muscular, lean; large mature size • Dual – purpose (maternal and paternal traits)

  10. Beef Cattle Breeds (identify & know purpose) • Brahman (Bos indicus) – Zebu is main strain • greatest genetic influence world-wide • heat and insect tolerant; adaptable to warm environments • later puberty, low growth rate, less muscling

  11. Important Terms • Polled – the animal has no horns. When the animal starts to grow them the farmer will dehorn them. • Marbling – the intermix of fat and muscle together • Terminal Sire – A paternal-breed sire used in a terminal sire crossbreeding system.

  12. Angus • British breed • 1st in US registrations • black & polled • moderate size • MARBLING • Hereford x Angus = black baldy (white face) - good mothers • Red Angus – 5th

  13. Hereford • British breed • red body & white face; polled & horned • 2nd in registrations • moderate size • major breed influence in commercial cows (esp. western range) • cancer eye

  14. Simmental • Continental (Europe) • Switzerland • red, yellow, black/white • dual-purpose • growth, carcass • milk production • large mature size • Dual purpose – 6th most popular • Others – Gelbvieh (8th)

  15. Limousin • Continental • France • red, gold, black • lean, muscular • excel in yield grades • terminal sire • 3rd most popular

  16. Shorthorn • British • Prominent US breed in 1800s, early 1900s • red, white, roan • horned/polled • excellent milk production • 10th most popular today

  17. Charolais • Continental • France • white with pink nose • large size • lean & muscular • terminal sire • 4th most popular • Others=Chianina

  18. Brahman • Bos indicus • hump; loose hide; long ears • heat/insect tolerant • southern US – 11th popular • late maturity, less muscling • tenderness problems • Beefmaster is most common breed = 7th most popular • Developed in USA, combination of Brahman, Hereford and Shorthorn • Others are Brangus – 9th • Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis • Braford, Charbray, etc..

  19. Beef Products • Primary Product of Beef Production • Finished or Fat Cattle • Fed to desired fatness endpoint • .2 to 1 inch of backfat • Intramuscular fat or marbling – Quality Grade • Prime, choice, select, standard = eating quality • Utility = Dog food • “corn – fed” 60 – 300 days – white fat • 1-2.5 years of age at harvest • Maximum quality at high yield of meat • Yield Grade = scale of 1-5, 1 is highest % lean • Steers or heifers not used for breeding

  20. Beef cow inventory Texas 5.53 mil Missouri 2.06 mil Nebraska 1.94 mil Oklahoma 1.86 mil S. Dakota 1.66 mil Ohio 270 thousand Fed cattle marketed Texas 6.06 mil Kansas 5.03 mil Nebraska 4.44 mil Colorado 2.51 mil Oklahoma 928 thous Top States: Beef cows & feedlot

  21. # of Cattle (mil.) India 215 Brazil 159 China 107 USA 98 Argentina 55 Production (bil. lb. carcass wt.) USA 26 Brazil 13 China 10 Argentina 6 Russian Fed. 5 Top Countries: Beef Cattle

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