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ECOLOGY

ECOLOGY. the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. Ecology can be studied at various levels. Autecology Population ecology Community ecology Ecosystem ecology Landscape ecology. Distribution and Dispersal.

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY the study of interactions between organisms and their environments

  2. Ecology can be studied at various levels Autecology Population ecology Community ecology Ecosystem ecology Landscape ecology

  3. Distribution and Dispersal Dispersal is the movement of organisms away from areas of high population density or the area of origin. The ranges (areas where the species occurs) are expanded by dispersal. Some species disperse more easily than others.

  4. This map predicts areas in the United States that are susceptible to invasion by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Red-certain, green – possible, blue – undetermined, and light blue - improbable

  5. A few species have wide distributions (e.g., humans) but many of the species of living organisms occur in relatively limited geographic ranges. Biogeography is the study of the distributions of species.

  6. How do animals end up where they do? Dispersal or inability to disperse to an area: Other factors include: Behavior e.g., habitat selection Biotic e.g., interspecific competition, Abiotc e.g.,temperature Climate, the prevailing weather conditions of an area, Unfortunately humans have facilitated some dispersions that have had negative even catastrophic effects

  7. Research exampleWilliam R. Clark, Ph.D. & Todd Gosselink, Ph.D. IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Iowa Department of Natural Resources We have been collecting data on the distribution of suitable habitat and the presence of bobcats throughout Iowa.  Our aim is to determine local habitat selection by bobcats, including home range characteristics and dispersal patterns, and relate these to the configuration of forest, grassland, and agricultural habitats.  We are also evaluating our population monitoring techniques in terms of reliability and efficiency.  In addition, we are estimating demographic rates of bobcats in Iowa, including recruitment and survival, and deriving rates of population growth. We are evaluating the genetic similarity of the Iowa population in relation to potential dispersal linkages with populations in other states. To report bobcat sightings, contact the "hotline"

  8. Plethodon shenandoah and talus

  9. Plethodon cinereus and habitat

  10. Too dry for most amphibians

  11. Spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa

  12. Milfoil, Myriophyllum aquaticum

  13. Zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha

  14. This turned out to be a really bad idea, rabbits released in Australia

  15. Biomes

  16. Tundra

  17. Tiaga, Coniferous Forest

  18. Temperate Forest

  19. Tropical Deciduous Forest

  20. Tropical Rain Forest

  21. Chaparral Biome

  22. Desert

  23. Savanna

  24. Aquatic Biomes include: Lakes Wetlands Streams and Rivers Estuaries Intertidal Zones Oceanic Pelagic Coral Reefs Marine Benthic Zones Note that pollution is a big problem for most of these, that wetlands are often the sites of human development, and that overharvesting resources is decreasing the population sizes of many aquatic species.

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