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Book of Mormon Historicity:. LDS Beliefs and Their Implications. Jon Adams A special thanks to my Facebook friends. The Book of Mormon. Published in 1830 Purports to be a translation by Joseph Smith of “a record of God’s dealings with the ancient inhabitants of the Americas...”
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Book of Mormon Historicity: LDS Beliefs and Their Implications Jon Adams A special thanks to my Facebook friends
The Book of Mormon • Published in 1830 • Purports to be a translation by Joseph Smith of “a record of God’s dealings with the ancient inhabitants of the Americas...” • BoM peoples are “among the principal ancestors of today's Native Americans.”
Why? Because it’s interesting!
Seriously, why? • Mormonism's relevance • Political/cultural influence • 13 million members • Latin American growth • 1964: < 1% • 2004: 37% • Beliefs matter • Inform actions and attitudes • Importance of racial sensitivity in an increasingly diverse LDS Church
Previous Research • Most literature on LDS Church and blacks • Slavery, Civil Rights Era and pre-1978 priesthood ban • Religious folklore about race pervasive among Mormons (Wilson) • Found in LDS scriptures • “White and delightsome” • Spencer W. Kimball's Oct 1960 talk
Previous Research, cont. • Murphy's “Lamanite Identity” • Native/Latin Am. Mormons identify as descendants of BoM peoples • Conflate native folkore with Mormon folklore • Tension with white church hierarchy • 1989 excommunication of George P. Lee
Methods • Created a 10-question BoM survey • Demographic questions (gender, age, etc.) • Questions about BoM, faith, and racism • Sent the survey to 200 Mormon friends via Facebook • 115 responded • Response rate: 57%
Demographics • Gender • Male: 68% • Female: 32%
Demographics • Age • 0-17: 4% • 18-24: 79% • 25-29: 12% • 30-34: 2% • 35+: 4%
Demographics • Race • White: 95% • Hispanic: 6% • Native Am.: 2% • Bi/multiracial: 1%
Church Membership • Born into church? • Yes: 93% • No; convert: 10%
Church Activity • Attendance • Weekly: 81% • Monthly: 8% • Yearly: 3% • Inactive: 10%
Book of Mormon Beliefs • BoM historical? • Yes: 90% • No: 10%
Book of Mormon Beliefs • Historicity important to testimony? • Yes: 51% • Somewhat: 24% • No: 26%
Book of Mormon Peoples • Who are BoM descendants? • Mesoamericans: 58% • Native Am.: 56% • South Am.: 51% • Pacific Islanders: 38% • Not sure: 38% • None: 6%
Book of Mormon Peoples • Book of Mormon peoples... • Lost the promised land due to sin: 66% • Had their skin literally darkened due to sin: 53% • Are a covenant people like the Israelites: 88% • Should have a more prominent role in LDS Church: 6% • Should be prioritized in missionary work: 6%
Racism • Is racism a problem in the LDS Church today? • Yes: 14% • Somewhat: 38% • No: 43% • Not sure: 9%
Discussion • Support for Murphy's “Lamanite Identity” theory • All Hispanic respondents report high activity and believe BoM to be historical • 43% of Hispanic respondents believe BoM peoples lost land and had skin darkened because of unrighteousness(!) • 43% of Hispanic respondents believe BoM descendants should have a more prominent role in the church • vs. 4% of non-Hispanic respondents • 86% of Hispanic respondents identify Meso/South Americans as BoM descendants
Discussion, cont. • Racism? • 71% of Hispanic respondents believed it's at least somewhat of a problem in the church • vs. 48% of non-Hispanics respondents • Disparity between BoM scholars and Mormon laity • Only 41% of Dialogue's subscribers believed that the BoM is a historical document • vs. 90% of my respondents who believe the same
Further Research • The need for a systematic survey of Mormons both inside and outside the U.S. • Exploration into the rift between Mormon scholars and Mormon laity • Exploration into why people come to disbelieve in the BoM's historicity