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Aim of the thesis

Aim of the thesis. Understand how Kosovo War of 1999 was experienced by the mass media. TV. Press. War & Tv. TV consumption has changed over the years from pedagogical vocation to neo- tv and infotainment. Interview. Current TV tools. Violent images. War & tv.

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Aim of the thesis

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  1. Aim of the thesis Understand how Kosovo War of 1999 was experienced by the mass media TV Press

  2. War & Tv TV consumption has changed over the years from pedagogical vocation to neo-tv and infotainment Interview Current TV tools Violent images

  3. War & tv Relations between power and media News management Advertisement Media actually used as Peace-makers Events-makers

  4. War & tv The TV news has adapted to technology and the needs of viewers War as an impulse for the development of mass communication (i.e. Hungarian Revolution, Suez Campaign, Vietnam War, Falklands Conflict, Gulf War)

  5. Kosovo on the eve of the war Social Federal Republic of Yugoslavia till 1992 (collapse of inter-republic) Kosovo: region of Serbia (90% Albanian) Milošević revoked the autonomy of Kosovo and Vójvodina, and repressed non-aligned media

  6. The humanitarian war: reportage from kosovo 24th March 1999 bombing begins Attack seen as necessary Two stories State TV (focus on salvation of pacific population) Private TV – Mentana (focus on the dead)

  7. The humanitarian war: reportage from kosovo Smart bombs and NATO errors The whole conflict is characterized by Ethnic cleansing (Italy ready for first aid and acceptance)

  8. The humanitarian war: reportage from kosovo News styles Uniformity among RAI channels (TG1: NATO point of view) Mentana considerably different (TG5: more balanced) • Specials explore the news: • “Il Fatto”unavoidable events • “Porta a Porta”pathetic side of conflict • “Pinocchio”parallel to the news • “Maurizio Costanzo Show”MissioneArcobaleno

  9. Remembering the war Media decide the facts that deserve attention Newsworthiness Agenda setting Public opinion determined by political orientation 53% pro-war (78% right-wing) 35% anti-interventionist (62.5% left-wing)

  10. Remembering the war Four categories of events: • political-diplomatic • military actions • solidarity and humanitarian • media Ethnic cleansing as justification for war, memory of NATO bombing and sparse references to politicians

  11. Reporting the war Analysis of 580 articles of “La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno” and “Il Quotidiano” from 1st March 1999 to 30th September 1999 Puglia at risk of bombing, invasion, economic, social

  12. Reporting the war Waiting for the conflict (19th – 24th March 1999) Gazzetta Quotidiano • Puglia as frontier land • Miloševićvs NATO • War seen as necessary Outbreak of the conflict and legitimizing propaganda (23rd March – 1st April 1999) Gazzetta Quotidiano • Media consecration of war • Militarization of language • Refugee emergency

  13. Reporting the war War as a routine (7th – 13th May 1999) Gazzetta Quotidiano • Interest for Kosovo decreases • Milošević obstacle to peace Before and after the peace: reason of the western justice (4th – 17th June 1999) Gazzetta Quotidiano • Positive evaluation of NATO • Articles about refugees • Merit to the western justice • Vicious attack to Milošević

  14. Reporting the war The analysis considered six fundamental groups: war, USA, NATO, Puglia, Milošević, refugees Legitimacy of two incompatible terms: humanitarian war

  15. conclusions Mass media were not able to create a media event around the world Demonization of enemy leader Lack of images Violation of international rights

  16. Thanks for your attention

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