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Ecology: The Biosphere

Ecology: The Biosphere. Mrs. Yanac. Origin of the word…”Ecology”. Greek origin Oikos = household/home Logos = study of “Study of household/home” Real meaning Study of organisms & their environment or surroundings. What is the Biosphere?. All the life on the planet PLUS

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Ecology: The Biosphere

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  1. Ecology: The Biosphere Mrs. Yanac

  2. Origin of the word…”Ecology” • Greek origin • Oikos = household/home • Logos = study of • “Study of household/home” • Real meaning • Study of organisms & their environment or surroundings

  3. What is the Biosphere? • All the life on the planet PLUS • the land (lithosphere) • the water (hydrosphere) • the air (atmosphere)

  4. Levels of Organizations • “Ida, please come eat baked beans”

  5. Biotic vsAbiotic Factors • Biotic (Living) • Plants • Animals • Fungi • Microorganisms

  6. Abiotic Factors • Light • Water • Wind • Soil • Heat • Atmosphere

  7. Energy Flow • Sunlight is the main energy source for all life on Earth • Producers (AUTOTROPHS) • Green plants & Photosynthetic organisms • Consumers (HETEROTROPHS) • Herbivores & Carnivores • Decomposers (HETEROTROPHS) • Fungi & Bacteria

  8. Photosynthesis • Autotrophs (plants & some microorganisms) use light to make food • These producers are found at the beginning of the food chain

  9. Food Chains • Shows a one-way flow of energy

  10. Food Webs • Links or connects ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

  11. Another Food Web

  12. Trophic Levels • Producers • Get energy from the sun or chemicals • Primary Consumers • Consumes producers • Secondary Consumers • Consumes primary consumers • Tertiary Consumers • Consumes Secondary/Primary Consumers

  13. Rule of 10 • Only 10% of the energy is passed on to the next trophic level • The remaining 90% of energy is lost as heat

  14. Biomass pyramid

  15. Pyramid of numbers

  16. Recycling in the Biosphere • All major components of life are neither created nor destroyed, they are just recycled. • Water – all living things need water to survive • Carbon – key component of living tissue • Nitrogen – used to make amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins • Phosphorous – essential to living organisms because it forms part of DNA & RNA

  17. The water cycle

  18. The carbon cycle

  19. The nitrogen cycle

  20. The phosphorous cycle

  21. Limiting Nutrient • Achemical needed for growth that is either missing or only available in a small amount • Algae needs both phosphorous and nitrogen to grow • if one of these is limited the algae can not continue to grow • If one of these is abundant the algae will grow until resources are used up • Algal blooms  deplete oxygen levels in water & toxic to aquatic life

  22. Algal Blooms

  23. Recap • What are the levels of organization in the biosphere? • What are the trophic levels found in a food chain? • What are ABIOTIC factors in the environment? BIOTIC factors? • Where does all energy flow begin? • How much energy is transferred to the next trophic level? • What is a limiting nutrient?

  24. The End

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