Presentation Transcript

1. ORIGINS OF THE AMERICAN NATIONTHE YOUNG REPUBLICANTEBELLUM AMERICA

   U.S. HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 1 LESSONS 1 – 3 & CONSTITUTION HANDBOOK
2. PRE-COLUMBIAN AMERICA Mesoamerica (central/southern Mexico & Central America) Olmec – 1st American civilization Mayas & Aztecs – built temples/pyramids, trade networks Hohokam & Anasazi – North America’s Southwest – geometric earthworks Mississippians – largest early American cities
3. NATIVE AMERICANS OF NORTH AMERICA Apache – nomadic hunters – mostly buffalo Navajo – farming village Sioux – hunters Pomo – small game/acorns Inuit & Aleut – hunt sea mammals, polar bears, & caribou
4. EARLY MODERN EUROPE Renaissance & Reformation Overseas Exploration Christopher Columbus Amerigo Vespucci
5. NEW SPAIN Hernan Cortes – conquers Aztecs Juan Ponce de Leon – Puerto Rico & Florida Pedro Menendez de Aviles – St. Augustine Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – explores Southwest Searched for gold & converted Native Americans to Catholicism
6. NEW FRANCE Giovanni da Verrazano & Jacques Cartier – explore St. Lawrence River Samuel de Champlain – Quebec, 1st permanent French colony Louis Jolliet & Jacques Marquette – Mississippi River Rene Cavelier de La Salle – Gulf of Mexico Mostly engaged in trading of furs
7. THIRTEEN COLONIES Roanoke – “Lost Colony” Jamestown – 1st permanent colony; Virginia Company John Smith – “He that will not work shall not eat” Powhatan Confederacy – Pocahontas John Rolfe – “brown gold” – tobacco Labor – head right system; indentured servants
8. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Plymouth Colony – Pilgrims, Mayflower Compact – created a plan for self-government Massachusetts Bay Company – John Winthrop, Boston, model society focused on “god’ Rhode Island – Roger Williams, Providence, pay for land from Native Americans Connecticut –Reverend Thomas Hooker, Hartford Maine & New Hampshire – divided territory claimed by Massachusetts John Winthrop Roger Williams
9. MIDDLE COLONIES New Netherland – Henry Hudson, Dutch West India Company. Eventually given to Duke of York by Charles II of England. Renamed New York. Land from NY became known as New Jersey Pennsylvania – William Penn, Quakers escaping religious persecution
10. SOUTHERN COLONIES Maryland – Chesapeake Bay, George Calvert, refuge for Catholics North & South Carolina – Charles II gave to key supporters; NC – tobacco farms; SC – plantations, cash crop, Charles Towne Georgia – James Oglethorpe, colony for debtors Slave labor – Triangular Trade (Middle Passage) Purpose of Colonies: fulfill theory of mercantilism Navigation Acts: restrict colonial trade, tax
11. New ideals Enlightenment – intellectual movement; reason & scientific method John Locke – “natural rights” – life, liberty, property; social contract theory – government existed as long as citizens allowed it to exist Great Awakening – religious movement
12. French & INDIAN WAR Ohio Valley George Washington’s defeat at Ft. Necessity Treaty of Paris: Britain – Canada, North America – east of Mississippi River; Spain – west of Mississippi River, New Orleans; France – Newfoundland, West Indies Proclamation of 1763 – no British colonists could settle west of Appalachian mountains
13. Growing rift with Britain Devoted to competing with France Salutary (beneficial) neglect of colonies Britain expected colonies to pay for debt from war with France England cracked down on Massachusetts, increasing troops, & issuing random Writs of Assistance Sugar Act – halved duty on foreign-made molasses, placed duties on imports never taxed, strengthened enforcement of law moving trials to vice-admiralty courts “No Taxation Without Representation”
14. Growing rift with Britain Stamp Act: purchase of special paper for every legal document, license, newspaper, etc. “Stamp duties” on playing cards/dice Sons of Liberty – secret resistance group Stamp Act Congress Oct. 1765 – issues Declaration of Rights & Grievances Townshend Acts 1767 – indirect tax on imported materials & $.03 tax on tea
15. STIRRINGS OF REBELLION Official Royal Stamp Patrick Henry delivering his speech against the Stamp Act to members of Virginia’s House of Burgesses
16. Growing rift with Britain Boston Massacre – March 5, 1770 – fights over dock jobs between colonists & British Redcoats. Crispus Attucks & 4 others are killed. Boston Tea Party 1773 – British East India Company devises Tea Act allowing them to sell tea tax free. Intolerable Acts: Boston Harbor is closed Quartering Act Boston under martial law First Continental Congress – Sept. 5, 1774 – boycott British goods
17. Site of Massacre Burial Site of those massacred
18. Growing rift with Britain Minutemen stockpile arms & gunpowder Paul Revere, William Dawes, & Samuel Prescott – “sound the alarm” “Lexington Green” – brief engagement with Redcoats Second Continental Congress: colonies form governments, Congress could print $, deal with foreign nations, create Continental Army. Send Olive Branch Petition Declaration of Independence: signed July 4, 1776, Thomas Jefferson – “unalienable rights” life, liberty, pursuit of happiness; government derives power from consent of the governed
19. Painting of Paul Revere’s Ride Map of Paul Revere’s, William Dawes’, & Dr. Samuel Prescott’s route warning the other cities of British march to Concord
20. WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE Battle of New York – March 1776 – Britain won Battle of Trenton – December 1776 – Washington crosses Delaware. Continental Army won Battle of Philadelphia – Spring 1777 – Britain won Battle of Saratoga – October 1777 – Continental Army won. Major turning point of war Battle of Yorktown – October 1781 – General Cornwallis surrenders to Continental Army Treaty of Paris 1783: guarantees American independence. Boundaries – Atlantic to Mississippi River, Canada to Florida
21. Battle of New York Map Painting of Battle for Long Island, NY
22. Battle of Trenton Washington crossing river Map
23. Battle of Yorktown – October 1781
24. THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC Republic – power held by citizens; voting Articles of Confederation: 1stconstitution; established by Continental Congress 1777 Each state got one vote Single governing body (Congress0 Limited powers of negotiation No power to regulate trade or impose taxes Weaknesses: lack of national unity, amendments, paying off national debt, no control over interstate & foreign trade/relations
25. u.s. CONSTITUTION
26. U.S. CONSTITUTION READ THE CONSTITUTION HANDBOOK – REQUIRED Three-Fifths Compromise Popular sovereignty – rule by the people Federalism – delegated or enumerated powers, reserved powers Separation of powers – executive, judicial, legislative branches Checks & balances Federalists vs. Anti-federalists – Federalist Papers Bill of Rights Delaware – 1st to ratify; New Hampshire – 9th; May 1790 – final ratification
27. SETTING UP THE GOVERNMENT Judiciary Act 1789 – sets up supreme court’s justices, 3 federal circuit courts, & 13 federal district courts Executive Branch – 3 departments to assist president Department of State – foreign affairs (Thomas Jefferson Department of War – military (Henry Hudson) Department of Treasury - finance (Alexander Hamilton)
28. Political parties Jefferson & Hamilton clashed constantly over the actual powers of government Federalists – shared Hamilton’s view Democratic-Republicans – shared Jefferson’s views (ancestors to Democratic Party today) Political parties were seen as a danger to national unity Election of 1800: Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr Tied in electoral votes House of Representatives did 6 votes Alexander Hamilton persuaded some Federalists to cast blank votes 12th Amendment – states have to cast separate electoral votes for President & VP
29. JEFFERSON IN OFFICE Judiciary Act of 1801 Marbury vs. Madison – Chief Justice John Marshall; declares provisions of Judiciary Act unconstitutional. Gives the principle & power of judicial review to U.S. Supreme Court Jefferson simplifies presidency & cuts government expenditures
30. WESTWARD EXPANSION Battle of Fallen Timbers Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark Expeditions: Meriwether Lewis & William Clark aided by Sacajawea
31. WAR OF 1812 Impressment Chesapeake incident President James Madison decides to go to war against Britain Britain burns Capitol, White House, & most of Washington D.C. Ft. McHenry survives bombing; “Star Spangled Banner” – Francis Scott Key Treaty of Ghent: armistice Andrew Jackson – conquers British in New Orleans after treaty is signed
32. ANTEBELLUM AMERICA Missouri Compromise : Missouri = slave state; Maine = free state; 36 Latitude is border – states north are free, south are slave Monroe Doctrine: warning to other nations not to create new colonies or overthrow newly independent ones Second Bank of the United States (BUS) Tariff of 1816 – protective tariff
33. U.S. SUPREME COURT Gibbons v. Ogden: only federal government can regulate interstate commerce Fletcher v. Peck 1810 & Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819: limited state powers McCulloch v. Maryland: state cannot overturn a law from Congress
34. INDUSTRIALIZATION Interchangeable Parts Mass production Textile industries Lowell Factory Transportation: roads, tolls. Erie Canal – joins Hudson River to Lake Erie; National Road – Cumberland, MD to Vandalia, IL
35. Life in the north Immigrants Factories 0 dangerous work conditions & constant wage battles Unions were seen as unlawful conspiracies Agriculture was still country’s leading economic activity Farmers went to specialization – cash crops Market Revolution
36. Life in the south “King Cotton” Cotton gin – Eli Whitney Slave trade outlawed in 1808 yet slaves were still needed. SEE CHART ON PG. 54 Slave codes Nat Turner’s Rebellion
37. JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY Spoils system Tariff of Abominations “Pet Banks” Panic of 1837 Indian Removal Act (1830) Worcester v. Georgia (1832): Georgia was not entitled to Cherokee lands Trail of Tears – forced removal of remaining Cherokee Indians
38. REFORMING SOCIEETY American Temperance Society Dorothea Dix: aided mentally ill Public Education – Massachusetts led the way; Horace Mann Women’s Rights: Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott; Seneca Falls Conventions – “Declaration of Sentiments” Abolition – William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, & Sojourner Truth