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BASIC FACTS OF LEPROSY

BASIC FACTS OF LEPROSY. Presented by DR. Md. Asadozzaman Asstt. Registrar of Dermatology & Venereology, MMCH Chief Guide : Dr. Shahab Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury Asso. Prof. of Dermatology & Venereology, MMCH Date : 20.10.2003. Origin of the Name

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BASIC FACTS OF LEPROSY

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  1. BASIC FACTS OF LEPROSY • Presented by DR. Md. Asadozzaman Asstt. Registrar of Dermatology & Venereology, MMCH Chief Guide : Dr. Shahab Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury Asso. Prof. of Dermatology & Venereology,MMCH Date : 20.10.2003

  2. Origin of the Name • Lepros – Greek Word means scaly • Kustha from ‘Kusthani’ means eaten away • Leper – means person suffering from leprosy

  3. Definition Most chronic, communicable, grannulomatous, infectious disease, primarily of skin & peripheral nerves but may involve all organs of the body except CNS, GIT & Lungs, caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.

  4. Historical Background • Oldest scourge of man kind • Probably originated in India • The Vedas written about instruction for prevention of Leprosy in 1400 B.C.

  5. Contd………… • First authentic description and treatment with chaulmoogra oil is given in Sushruta Samita in 600 B.C. • The Hindo’s Lord Krishno’s son Samba had developed kustha

  6. Contd…… • Mycobacterium Leprae Bacilli first discovered by Norway Scientist Hansen in 1873. He had made unsuccessful attempt to infect himself as well as his chief and Father-in-Law Dr. Danielssen with material from leprosy patient.

  7. Population at risk in the world – 1.6 Billions Total No of Leprosy cases in the world 1.5 Millions Endemic areas – 83% of Leprosy cases concentrated in only 5 countries – India, Brazil, Nigeria, Myanmar & Indonesia. Nearly 75% of world’s Leprosy patients are in South East Asia. Highest No of Leprosy – In India (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh) Epidemiology

  8. Contd…………. • Highly prevalent in Central Africa • Incubation Period : 2 – 5 years • Source of Infection : Infected Human considered as the only Source of Leprosy • Mode of Transmission: Close & prolonged contact is necessary, the nose is the prime portal of exit of the Bacilli. • High Natural Immunity – 95% • Affects all ages & Sexes

  9. Present Status of Leprosy in Bangladesh • Reg. prevalence – 31/12/2002 • Total Cases – 8943 • SLPB – 421 • PB – 4300 • MB – 4222 • Prevalence Rate : 0.63/10000 • Detection – 9844 SLPB – 851 PB – 5489 MB – 3504 SSS : positive – 772 Child : 1101 Detection Rate – 0.762/10000

  10. Common Name : Bacillus of Hansen Morphology : Pleomorphic straight or slightly curved rod like, gram positive bacteria Staining Properties by the Zeil Neelsen Method. Bacilli appears as solid staining (viable), fragmented and granular (dead bacilli) Life Span – 6 months Cannot grown in artificial media or tissue culture Generation Time : 10 – 14 days Bacteriology

  11. Technique of Bacteriological Examination • Slit Skin Smear • Nose Blow Smear • Nasal Scraping

  12. Reading of Smears • BI – Density of Leprosy Bacilli in smears • MI – Percentage of living Bacilli among total • SFG – Percentage of solid, fragmented & granular Bacilli

  13. TREATMENT • MDT – Multi Drug Therapy • FDT – Fixed Duration Treatment • RFT – Release From Treatment

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