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Periodic Table

Periodic Table. Science 10 Chemical Reactions G.Burgess 2006. Introduction. The basis for the contemporary periodic table was developed by Dimitri Mendeleyev in 1869. Dimitri Mendeleyev was a Russian Scientist working at ST.Petersburg. He also wrote Principles of Chemisrty.

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Periodic Table

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  1. Periodic Table Science 10 Chemical Reactions G.Burgess 2006

  2. Introduction • The basis for the contemporary periodic table was developed by Dimitri Mendeleyev in 1869. • Dimitri Mendeleyev was a Russian Scientist working at ST.Petersburg. • He also wrote Principles of Chemisrty

  3. Periodic Table • Examples of online periodic tables; • http://www.dayah.com/periodic/ • http://www.webelements.com/ • Touchspin Interactive Periodic Table • Visual Elements Periodic Table • Tabella Periodica degli elementi Click to go to Chem4Kids

  4. Periodic Table • The table is broken into groups, periods, and series. • Periods: all elements in a period (row) have the same number of orbitals • IE. H and He both have one orbital K and Cu both have four orbitals • Groups: atoms in the same group (column) have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital • IE. H and Fr both have 1 electron in their outer orbital B and In both have 3 electrons in their outer orbital

  5. Elemental Families • Halogens: all elements in the 17th group • Metals: all elements from Li to Fr across to the zig-zag line. • Transition metals: from Sc to Cu and Y to Ag. The lanthanide and actinide series are also transition metals.These elements are able to put more than 8 electrons in their outer shell.

  6. Elemental Families • Alkali metals: this is the name of all elements in the first group except H. These are the most reactive metals. • Alkaline Earth metals: are all elements in the second group. These are the second most reactive metals. • Inert Gases: AKA Nobel gases, are all elements in group 18. They all have complete outer shells and so do not react with other materials.

  7. Elemental Families • Lanthanide Series: includes all rare Earth metals from La to Yb. • Actinide Series: includes all elements from Ac to No. they are all radioactive.

  8. Bohr model • Electrons travel around atoms in orbits • Electrons in different orbits have different energy levels. • Shells are numbered from the nucleus • Each shell can hold a maximum of 2n2 electrons (n is the number of the shell) • Ie shell 1: 2(1)2=2 so the first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

  9. Bohr Model **Atoms generally prefer 8 electrons in the outer shell. This is called the octet rule.

  10. Valence Electrons • These are electrons in the outer shell that the atom either donates or takes away from another element. • IE. Na has 1 electron in its outer shell and prefers to donate this electron to other elements making ionic bonds.

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