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Hinduism

Hinduism. “Truth is One; the sages call it by different names” (Rig Veda 1:164). Global Village III: Religion and Thought Thursday June 12, 2008 Chai Reddy. Harappan Civilization 3100-1900 B.C.E. Mohenjo-Daro. Great Bath and Granary. Lower Town and Citadel. Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro.

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism “Truth is One; the sages call it by different names” (Rig Veda 1:164). Global Village III: Religion and Thought Thursday June 12, 2008 Chai Reddy

  2. Harappan Civilization 3100-1900 B.C.E.

  3. Mohenjo-Daro Great Bath and Granary Lower Town and Citadel

  4. Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro • 12 x 7 x 2.4 m • Two staircases • Floor and Walls are water tight • No inlet drains • Largest Public Ancient bath • Purpose?

  5. Pottery 2 1 3

  6. Dancing Girl or Mother Goddess?(2500? BCE) Priest-King (2500-2000? BCE)

  7. Religious Seals Worship Seal • Mother Goddess of Indus Valley Bull Seal

  8. Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE) • Aryan Invasion Assumption *Arya, Ariya (Proto-Indo-Iranian) *War-like people • Vedas("knowledge" from the Sanskrit root vid-, to know) *Shruthi texts *Four Vedas; Three Parts (samhita, brahmana, aranyaka) 3. Socio-Economics *Rajas *Cattle *Social Order

  9. Rg Veda (1500-1000 BCE) • Oldest; 1028 sacred hymns to accompany sacrifices to the many gods • Indra: Lord of Heavens; God of War • Agni: God of Fire, Destroyer of Darkness, Divine Priest • Soma: Drink, God, what made gods deities • Varuna: Sustainer of Universe, Upholder of Moral Law; Lord of Rain and Ocean • Deified other natural elements • Hymns to Indra and Purusha

  10. Hymn to Indra • Book 4 Hymn 17 • Emphasis on nature • Vrtra= demon (asura) • Liberates rivers • Father Dyaus: Proto-Indo-European Sky God 2nd C. CE Sculptural Fragment

  11. Hymn to Purusha • Book 10, Hymn 90:1-16 • Elements • Gods • Castes

  12. Other Creation Stories • Rg Veda 10:129 • Chandogya Upanishad 3:19:1-4 • Brhadaranyaka Upanishad

  13. Other Vedas Yajur 1400-1000 BCE (how to perform yagnas) Sama 1000 BCE (hymns recited for ritual purposes) Atharva (magical spells)

  14. Upanishads • “Up” (near); “Ni” (down); “Shad” (to sit) • Summary of the philosophy of the Vedas • Basis of Hinduism • Samkara • Sayings of the gurus: Yajnavalkya • Neti-Neti • Vedas = true foundation of the faith • Upanishads = vehicle for Samadhi • Mahavakyas • Prajnanam Brahma • Ayam Atma Brahma • Tat Tvam Asi • Aham Brahmasmi So’ham

  15. Chandogya Upanishad • Sama Veda • Intro:Om ! Let my limbs and speech, Prana, eyes, ears, vitality. And all the senses grow in strength. All existence is the Brahman of the Upanishads. May I never deny Brahman, nor Brahman deny me. Let there be no denial at all: Let there be no denial at least from me. May the virtues that are proclaimed in the Upanishads be in me, Who am devoted to the Atman; may they reside in me. Om ! Peace ! Peace ! Peace !--Translated by Swami Swahananda • 3:14: Sarvam Khalvidam Brahma "The Universe is Brahman" • 3:19: Creation Story

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