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Kapitel 4: Mein Tag

Kapitel 4: Mein Tag. Grammatik. Separable-Prefix Verbs. German has many two-part verbs that consist of a verb and a short complement that affects the meaning of the main verb. Examples in both English and German. to come along: mit · kommen

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Kapitel 4: Mein Tag

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  1. Kapitel 4: Mein Tag Grammatik

  2. Separable-Prefix Verbs • German has many two-part verbs that consist of a verb and a short complement that affects the meaning of the main verb. • Examples in both English and German. • to come along: mit·kommen • Rule: verb second position, prefix separates and goes to the end of the sentence or clause. • A list of separable-prefix verbs in found on Seite 125. (know them!)

  3. Examples • ein·kaufen (to shop) • Er kauft für die Party ein. • mit·bringen (to bring along) • Die Mädchen bringen zwei Bücher mit. • ab·holen (to pick up) • Ich hole dich um 6 Uhr ab.

  4. Sep. Prefix cont. • A separable-prefix verb shows all the same stem-vowel changes or other irregularities in the present tense. • Hans schläft um 23 Uhr ein. • Er nimmt den Schirm mit. • Separable-prefix verbs are listed in the vocabulary of this book as follows: • auf·hören

  5. The Sentence Bracket (Satzklammer) • Separable-prefix verbs show a sentence structure that is characteristic for German: the conjugated verb and its prefix form a bracket around the core of the sentence. • Ich rufe dich heute Abend an. • Peter geht leider nicht mit. • Another example of the Satzklammer can be seen in sentences with compound verbs such as einkaufen gehen (to go shopping), tanzen gehen (to go dancing) • Ich gehe morgens einkaufen. • Klaus und Erika gehen Sontag tanzen.

  6. Übungen • Seite 126 – 1 • Seite 127 – 3 • Use the words and phrases found in the box on 128 to create your own sentences.

  7. Modal Auxiliary Verbs • Modals express an attitude toward an action. • On the weekend we want to visit friends. • I can come by tomorrow. • The modal is the conjugated verb. • The complement (the other verb) is in the infinitive form and stands at the end of the sentence. • Am Wochenende wollen wir Freunde besuchen. • Ich kann morgen vorbeikommen. • Modals do not conjugate normally!

  8. Conjugation of Modals

  9. Modal notes: • Mögen is generally used without a dependent infinitive. • Er mag seine Arbeit im Hotel. • The infinitive in a sentence with a modal verb may be omitted when its meaning is understood: • Ich muss jetzt nach Hause (gehen). • Er will das nicht (machen).

  10. möchten • Möchten (would like to) acts like a modal • Wir möchten morgen Tennis spielen. • It does conjugate irregularly.

  11. Conjugation of möchten

  12. Sprachtipp • The indefinite pronoun man (one, people, you, they) is used to talk about a general activity. • Man darf hier nicht parken. • Man is used with the third person singular verb form.

  13. Übungen • Seite 131 – 6, 7, 8 • Seite 132 – 9, 10, 11 • Seite 133 – 12

  14. The Imperative (Command Form) • The Imperative is the verb form used to make requests and recommendations and to give instructions, advice, or commands. • There are three forms, each has its own formation. • All imperative sentences end with an exclamation point.

  15. Informal Singular • Speaking to one person (du) • Drop –en • kommen – Komm! • anrufen – Ruf an!

  16. Informal Plural • Talking to multiple people (ihr) • Drop –en , add –t • kommen – Kommt! • anrufen – Ruft an!

  17. Formal • Speaking to someone older, different social class etc. (Sie) • Leave the –en add Sie • Kommen – Kommen Sie! • Anrufen – Rufen Sie an!

  18. Irregularities • The imperative of the verb SEIN is irregular. • Verbs that show a vowel change from a to ä or au to äu have no umlaut in the imperative. • du fährst – Fahr! • du läufst – Lauf! • Bitte may be used to “soften” the command • Sprechen Sie bitte Deutsch! • Doch and mal are often also used and have no English equivalent. • Komm doch heute vorbei! • Rufen Sie mich mal an!

  19. Irregular Imperative Forms

  20. Übungen • Seite 134 – 14 • Seite 136 – 15, 16, 17 • Seite 137 – 18

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