Thursday, May 22 nd

1. Thursday, May 22nd Announcements • No Groups • Make-up Competency Checks – ON YOUR OWN ASAP • 4 School Days Until US History EOC • Senior Stuff • TONIGHT!!!– Belle Cruise – Appropriate Attire! • TOMORROW – Teacher Auction (#missiontogonumberone) • May 26th – No School (Memorial Day) • May 29th – Senior Honors Night; US HISTORY EOC!!!!! • May 30th – CCR Field Day • June 3rd – Grad Practice and Cap & Gown Photo @ 8 AM (FC) • June 4th – Grad Practice @ 9 AM (Broadbent Arena) • June 5th – Senior Field Day • June 6th – Senior Slideshow & Senior Walk • June 9th – Graduation

2. Thursday, May 22nd Agenda • Civil War & Reconstruction Quiz (15 mins) • Immigration, Industrialism, Progressive Review Packet • Push / Pull Factors – 5 mins • Vertical / Horizontal Integration – 15 mins • Monopolies – 5 mins • Progressivism Chart – 25 mins • Suffrage Map – 5 mins • PPT Review w/Coach Abell

3. Immigration & Urbanization Challenges caused by the rise of cities.

4. Immigration • Because of the factories being built millions of immigrants flood into the North Eastern United States and Great Lakes areas. • Very few European immigrants go west until it is more settled • Very few immigrants go south because of “competition” from freed slaves and fear of the Klan

6. Got Room? • As cities swell in size land gets very expensive • Steel allows architects to build “up” instead of “out”. • The modern city is born

8. Immigrant life • Most immigrants remain “packed” into certain areas of cities (slums) • Many cities pass laws assigning areas to races and nationalities (this is illegal today) • Tenements-housing quickly and cheaply built to house as many immigrants as possible • poor construction, no sanitation, no heat etc. • Jacob Riis documents this using photography • “How the other half lives” • jacobriis- video link

11. Ghetto Life • Little opportunity- few jobs, no education • desrimination • Birth of organized crime- gangs create “opportunity” and a chance to make money • Many live in fear of gangs • “Political Bosses”- take full advantage of this situation

12. 3 New Vocabulary words… • Monopoly: A company that completely dominates a particular industry • Trust: a set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other • Corporation: A company recognized by law to exist independently from its owners, with the ability to own property, borrow money, sue or be sued

13. Corporate Monopolies • Horizontal and Vertical Integration • Textbook, page 171

14. Andrew Carnegie$75 Billion • Andrew Carnegie came from Scotland with his parents in 1848. • In 1861, at the age of 26, he started up the Freedom Iron Company, and used the new Bessemer process for making steel • He formed all of his companies into the Carnegie Steel Company in 1899, which controlled raw materials, manufacturing, storage, and distribution for steel. • Vertical Integration

15. John D. Rockefeller$192 Billion • Born in 1839 • His working life started as a bookkeeper • He established one of the first oil refineries • 1870—With partners, forms a business trust: Standard Oil • At its peak, controls 90% of all oil companies • Horizontal Integration

16. Political Bosses • Political Machine- an organization that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchanges for votes and/or money. (not a real machine) • Basically they will protect you from gangs and work to get your building fixed as long as you help them (cash or votes) • Political Boss- someone who runs a political machine • Immigrants like political bosses because they help when no one else will

17. Boss Tweed & Tammany Hall

18. Immigration Destinations Ellis Island, NY Angels Island, CA

19. US Immigration Laws • Chinese exclusion act (1882)- prohibits immigration of Chinese workers for 10 years • Gentleman's agreement- kept Japanese from being segregated as other Asians in California • Our first real Immigration limit. • The Immigration Act of 1903, also called the Anarchist Exclusion Act, added four inadmissible classes: anarchists, beggars, and importers of prostitutes

20. More Immigration laws • The Naturalization Act of 1906 standardized naturalization procedures, made some knowledge of English a requirement for citizenship, and established the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization • The Immigration act of 1907 restricted immigrant for certain classes of disabled and diseased people. • The Immigration Act of 1917 (Barred Zone Act) restricted immigration from Asia by creating an "Asiatic Barred Zone" and introduced a reading test for all immigrants over fourteen years of age, with certain exceptions for children, wives, and elderly family members.

21. More Immigration Laws • Quota systems- limit the numbers of people who can enter the US and limit the areas from which they come • The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 restricted annual immigration from a given country to 3% of the number of people from that country living in the U.S. in 1910\ • The Immigration Act of 1924 (also known as the Johnson Act) aimed at freezing the current ethnic distribution in response to rising immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, as well as Asia. Introduced nationality quotas • (basis of our system until 1965)

22. FOUR GOALS OF REFORMERS • 1) Protect Social Welfare • 2) Promote Moral Improvement • 3) Create Economic Reform • 4) Foster Efficiency

23. 1.PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE • Industrialization in the late 19th century was largely unregulated • Employers felt little responsibility toward their workers • As a result Settlement homes and churches served the community • Also the YMCA and Salvation Army took on service roles

24. 2. PROMOTE MORAL DEVELOPMENT • Some reformers felt that the answer to societies problems was personal behavior • They proposed such reforms as prohibition • Groups wishing to ban alcohol included the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

25. 3. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORM • The Panic of 1893 prompted some Americans to question the capitalist economic system • As a result some workers embraced socialism • Eugene Debs organized the American Socialist Party in 1901 Debs encouraged workers to reject American Capitalism

26. MUCKRAKERS CRITICIZE BIG BUSINESS Though most progressives did not embrace socialism, many writers saw the truth in Debs’ criticism Journalists known as “Muckrakers” exposed corruption in business Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating competition Ida Tarbell Some view Michael Moore as a modern muckraker

27. 4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY Many Progressive leaders put their faith in scientific principles to make society better In Industry, Frederick Taylor began using time & motion studies to improve factory efficiency Taylorism became an Industry fad as factories sought to complete each task quickly

28. CLEANING UP LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Efforts at reforming local government stemmed from the desire to make government more efficient and responsive to citizens • Some believe it also was meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments

29. REGULATING BIG BUSINESS • Under the progressive Republican leadership of Robert La Follette, Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business Robert La Follette

30. PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN • As the number of child workers rose, reformers worked to end child labor • Children were more prone to accidents caused by fatigue • Nearly every state limited or banned child labor by 1918

31. EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS • The Supreme Court and the states enacted or strengthened laws reducing women’s hours of work • Progressives also succeeded in winning worker’s compensation to aid families of injured workers

32. ELECTION REFORM • Citizens fought for, and won, such measures as secret ballots, referendum votes, and the recall • Citizens could petition and get initiativesonthe ballot • In 1899, Minnesota passed the first statewide primary system

33. DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS • Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators • To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators • As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)

34. Before the Civil War, American women were expected to devote their time to home and family • By the late 19th and early 20th century, women were visible in the workforce

35. DOMESTIC WORKERS • Before the turn-of-the-century women without formal education contributed to the economic welfare of their families by doing domestic work • Altogether, 70% of women employed in 1870 were servants

36. WOMEN AND REFORM • Women reformers strove to improve conditions at work and home • In 1896, black women formed the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) • Suffrage was another important issue for women

37. THREE-PART STRATEGY FOR WINNING SUFFRAGE • Suffragists tried three approaches to winning the vote • 1) Convince state legislatures to adopt vote (Succeeded in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Colorado) • 2) Pursue court cases to test 14th Amendment • 3) Push for national constitutional Amendment

39. Theodore Roosevelt:the “accidental President”Republican (1901-1909) (The New-York Historical Society)

40. Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” • 1902 Anthracite Coal Miners Strike • “Square Deal” Anthracite miners at Scranton, Pennsylvania, 1900

41. Northern Securities Company (1904) “good trusts” and “bad trusts” Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act (1906) Roosevelt the “Trust-Buster” “ONE SEES HIS FINISH UNLESS GOOD GOVERNMENT RETAKES THE SHIP”

42. Political Cartoon #1

43. Consumer Protection • Remember The Jungle??? • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) • Meat Inspection Act (1906) Chicago Meatpacking Workers, 1905 "A nauseating job, but it must be done"

44. Roosevelt & Conservation • Used the Forest Reserve Act of 1891 • U.S. Forest Service (1906) • Gifford Pinchot • White House conference on conservation -1908 • John Muir Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot, 1907 Theodore Roosevelt & John Muir at Yosemite1906

45. CONSERVATION:National Parks and Forests

46. Political Cartoon #2

47. Enter Teddy Roosevelt • Summary of TR’s terms • Regulation of Stock Market; Income Tax; Worker’s Compensation • Financial crisis of 1907 • Handpicking of Taft

48. William Howard TaftPresident 1909-13Republican Postcard with Taft cartoon

49. Taft’s Progressive Accomplishments • trust-busting • forest and oil reserves • Sixteenth Amendment • BUT: Caused split in Republican Party • Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909) • Pinchot-BallingerControversy (Taft has) “…completely twisted around the policies I advocated and acted upon.” -Theodore Roosevelt

50. Election of 1912 • Woodrow Wilson • Progressive Party (“Bull Moose party”) • “New Nationalism” • significance Woodrow Wilson