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Exploring the Scientific and Laboratory Animals Industry. Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!.
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Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed! • HS‐LS4‐4. Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using data to provide evidence for how specific biotic and abiotic differences in ecosystems (such as ranges of seasonal temperature, long‐term climate change, acidity, light, geographic barriers, or evolution of other organisms) contribute to a change in gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation of populations.] • HS‐LS2‐8. Evaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species’ chances to survive and reproduce[Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on: (1) distinguishing between group and individual behavior, (2) identifying evidence supporting the outcomes of group behavior, and (3) developing logical and reasonable arguments based on evidence. Examples of group behaviors could include flocking, schooling, herding, and cooperative behaviors such as hunting, migrating, and swarming.]
Agriculture, Food, Natural Resource Standards Addressed! • AS.01.02. Assess and select animal production methods for use in animal systems based upon their effectiveness and impacts. • AS.01.02.02.a. Research and examine marketing methods for animal products and services (e.g., conventional, niche markets, locally grown, etc.).
Bell Work • List types and methods of animal research. • Describe what animals are used in laboratory research. • Explain models and management used for laboratory animals.
Animal by-product tissue Applied research Basic research Clinical research Laboratory animals Living animals Nonhuman primates Nonliving research Terms
Interest Approach • Ask the question: “How do humans know if products are safe for use?” Generate discussion on the benefits of using animals to test products and provide medical advances.
What types and methods are used for animal research? • Laboratory animals • Animals - used and raised for research done in laboratories • provided many advances for humans • pros and cons for using animals for research • benefit to human health has been extremely important
Animal by-product tissue Animal tissue taken from animals and then used for other purposes. Parts taken are from tissue, organs, and any other needed parts. Basic Research Research carried out in nature or in a lab that will increase understanding of diseases and life processes. Used to provide data and usually does not have a predetermined goal. Types of Research
Applied Research Research that has a specific goal, like developing a vaccine for a disease. Clinical Research Research that focuses on a specific problem and is conducted in a medical facility. Often uses the species that is intended to benefit as subjects New drug development for example. Types of Research
What animals are used in lab research? • Many species are used for research. • Ability to live in very little space and reproduce quickly makes some animals better suited for research.
Mice Account for over 90% of animals used. Small, easy to handle, reproduce quickly and require little money to keep. Rats Mainly for behavior and nutrition studies. Require little space Well tempered Hamsters Small, stout, furry animals More aggressive than mice and rats. Care needs to be taken when handling. Guinea pigs Similar to hamsters Very calm Easier to handle Reproduce quickly Live successfully in a confined area. What animals are used in lab research?
Rabbits used for drug testing they experience some of the common ailments of humans Cats studies with the brain research is easier since brain is less complicated Dogs used in lab research surgical studies physiological experiments more space is required to house them What animals are used in lab research?
What animals are used in lab research? Nonhuman Primates animals that are more similar to humans than any other animal monkeys communication experiments Other Creatures lobsters used to study nerves since their nervous systems are simple
Explain models and management techniques used for laboratory animals. Objective #3
What models and management techniques are used for lab animals? • Use of animals for research is a well managed in a strictly controlled area. • Models have been developed to ensure proper use of lab animals. • 4 basic research animal models • living animals • tissue cultures • nonliving systems • human-created computer models
What models and management techniques are used for lab animals? • Living animal • one that is used when it is alive and can respond to treatments • only used when it is completely necessary • Tissue cultures • taken from animals and then used in experiments • Nonliving research • done to relate movement or injury to animal systems • Computer models • used to quicken experiment results
What models and management techniques are used for lab animals? • Many specific regulations • Must meet acceptable standards • Approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. • Allowed based on the Animal Welfare Act of 1985 • enacted to assure acceptable use of animals • Inspections done by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the Public Health Service in every state.
What models and management techniques are used for lab animals? • 2 basic animal needs that are monitored • Nutrition • Environment • Nutrition • keep animals well fed • malnutrition could affect experiment results
Review • What types and methods are used for animal research? • What animals are used in lab research? • What models and management techniques are used for lab animals?
