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ESSAYS–NOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES

ESSAYS–NOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES. Lecture 9b – 19 March 2019 Non gi tract catabolism of proteins Norepinephrine – stress hormone and neurotransmitter. beta-carotene-fat soluble Minerals in metabolism and regulation of metabolism.

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ESSAYS–NOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES

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  1. ESSAYS–NOTHING CLINICAL AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES

  2. Lecture 9b – 19 March 2019 Non gi tract catabolism of proteins Norepinephrine – stress hormone and neurotransmitter

  3. beta-carotene-fat soluble Minerals in metabolism and regulation of metabolism

  4. Outline of lectures 9a,b Minerals     Definition of minerals     Inorganic elements     Body's handling of minerals     Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions     Varied roles     Class exercise

  5. Outline of lectures 9a,b Major minerals     Definition of major minerals     Inorganic elements     Body's handling of minerals     Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions     Varied roles     Found in what foods     Roles in metabolism including regulation of metabolism     Class exercise

  6. Outline of lectures 9a,b Minor minerals     Definition of minor minerals     Inorganic elements     Body's handling of minerals     Variable Bioavailability     Nutrient Interactions     Varied roles     Found in what foods     Roles in metabolism including regulation of metabolism     Class exercise

  7. More detailed comments

  8. Minor minerals     Definition of minor minerals             -present in body in amounts less than 5 grams

  9. Minor minerals Inorganic elements Iron         Zinc         Iodine         Selenium         Copper         Manganese   Fluoride Chromium   Molybdenum

  10. Minor minerals Body's handling of minerals             -iron uses carriers for absorption, transport and proteins for storage- no free iron- oxidation issue             -example of minor mineral requiring no carriers or storage proteins iodine Variable Bioavailability           -phytates reduce iron absorption

  11. Minor minerals Nutrient Interactions -slight manganese overload may exacerbate iron deficiency         -combined iodine and selenium deficiency reduces thyroid hormone function more than just iodine deficiency alone Varied roles         -iron-oxygen carrying         -zinc- part of enzymes

  12. Minor minerals Iron                 -sources-red meats, fish, poultry, shellfish, eggs, legumes, dried fruits -metabolism- oxygen carrier                                     -part of electron carriers in electron transport chain

  13. Minor minerals Zinc      -sources-protein containing foods:meats fish, poultry, whole grains, vegetables -metabolism- part of many enzymes                           -synthesis of DNA/RNA                           -heme synthesis                           -fatty acid metabolism                           -release hepatic stores of vitamin A                           -carbohydrate metabolism                           -synthesis of proteins                           -dispose of damaging free radicals                                     -oxygen carrying

  14. Minor minerals Iodine -sources-iodised salt, seafood, bread,dairy products, plants grown on iodine rich soil and animals that eat such plants -metabolism- thyroid hormones-metabolic rate(rate of oxygen use), body temperature

  15. Minor minerals Selenium         -sources-seafood, meat, whole grains, and depending on soil selenium content- vegetables -metabolism- anti-oxidation (via enzyme)                              - regulates thyroid hormone

  16. Minor minerals Copper         -sources-seafood, nuts, whole grains, seeds, legumes -metabolism- part of many enzymes all of which have common feature of consuming oxygen or oxygen radicals                                             -eg -hemoglobin synthesis                                                   -collagen synthesis                                                   -free radical control                                                   -electron transport chain

  17. Minor minerals Manganese                -sources-nuts, whole grains, leafy vegetables -metabolism- essential for iron absorption and use in formation of hemoglobin                                     -part of several enzymes

  18. Minor minerals Fluoride        -sources-fluoridated drinking water, tea, seafood -metabolism- formation of bones and teeth, resistance to tooth decay

  19. Minor minerals Chromium                -sources-meat, unrefined foods, fats, vegetable oils -metabolism- enhancing insulin activity

  20. Minor minerals Molybdenum -sources-legumes, cereals, organ meats -metabolism- co-factor for several enzymes

  21. Found in what foods Roles in metabolism including regulation of metabolism             -degree of presence regulates function

  22. Class exercise What is the relation between source and metabolism for the minor minerals? Give 5 examples.

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