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Understanding Acceleration in Physics: Definition, Formulas, and Examples

Learn about acceleration in physics, including its definition, force of acceleration, formulas, and examples. Understand the concepts of positive and negative acceleration, change of direction, and how to calculate acceleration in different scenarios.

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Understanding Acceleration in Physics: Definition, Formulas, and Examples

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  1. ACCELERATION: C10,S2

  2. ACCELERATION DEFINITION the rate at which velocity changes (includes: speeding up, slowing down, or changing directions)

  3. POSITIVE ACCELERATION • Speeding up; also called accelerating

  4. NEGATIVE ACCELERATION • Slowing down; also called deccelerating

  5. CHANGE of DIRECTION • Turning, which is a change of direction, is also acceleration

  6. FORCE of ACCELERATION • Acceleration is always caused by a force (a push or a pull on something). • For example: • What force causes a bicycle to stop? • Friction caused by brakes pushing on tires • Friction caused by tires pushing on road

  7. FORCE of ACCELERATION, continued… B) What force causes a car to turn? - Friction pushing against the side of the tires.

  8. FORCE of ACCELERATION, continued… C) What force causes a rocket to take off? - The force of the exhaust gases pushing out the bottom of the rocket.

  9. FORMULA of ACCELERATION

  10. SI Units of ACCELERATION m/s/s or m/s2 or even… km/h/s ** This is because you are dividing speed (m/s or km/h) by time (s)

  11. EXAMPLE - #1 SOLVE FOR ACCELERATION: 15 km/hr 20 km/hr 5 km/hr 10 km/hr 25 km/hr 0 km/hr 0 sec 3 sec 5 sec 1 sec 2 sec 4 sec

  12. EXAMPLE #2 A man jumps from a plane. His beginning speed is 100 km/hr SE (southeast), and his final speed with his parachute is 10 km/hr SE (southeast). This took 3 sec. What was his acceleration? SOLVE FOR ACCELERATION: a = ? Sf= 10km/hr Ss= 100km/hr t = 3s a = Sf – Ss t a = (10 km/hr – 100 km/hr) 3s = -90km/hr 3s = -30km/hr/s The negative sign means that he was decelerating (slowing down).

  13. ACCELERATION REVIEW #1 1) A change in velocity (or speed) divided by the time it takes for the change to occur equals the object’s _______.

  14. ACCELERATION REVIEW #2 2) Imagine yourself driving a car down an empty stretch of road. Describe 3 ways you could you change your acceleration.

  15. ACCELERATION REVIEW #3 3) Calculate the acceleration of a bus whose speed changes from 6m/s to 12m/s over a period of 3s.

  16. ACCELERATION REVIEW #1 ANSWER: 1) The answer is acceleration. Remember that, like velocity, acceleration has a direction. A car that takes a turn has changed its acceleration, even if nothing else changes.

  17. ACCELERATION REVIEW #2 ANSWER: 2) You could step on the gas; you could also step on the brake; you could turn the wheel, or do any combination of these.

  18. ACCELERATION REVIEW #3 ANSWER: Calculate the acceleration of a bus whose speed changes from 6m/s to 12m/s over a period of 3s. a = ? Sf= 12m/s Ss= 6m/s t = 3s a = Sf – Ss t a = (12 m/s – 6 m/s) 3s = 6m/s 3s = 2 m/s/s

  19. PART 2 Graphing Acceleration

  20. Graphing Acceleration • You can represent the acceleration of an object with a speed-time graph • speed is plotted on the vertical axis (y) • time is plotted on the horizontal axis (x)

  21. Graphing Acceleration • An object that is speeding up will have a line that slopes upward (Ex. A)

  22. Graphing Acceleration • An object that is slowing down will have a line that slopes downward (Ex. C)

  23. Graphing Acceleration • A horizontal line represents an acceleration of zero or constant speed (Ex. B)

  24. Copy Graph Below and Label

  25. ACCELERATION REVIEW #4 4) To graph acceleration, what variable would you put on the y-axis? On the x-axis? HINT: a = Sf – Ss t

  26. ANSWER #4 SPEED (y-axis) & TIME (x-axis) a = Sf – Ss t

  27. ACCELERATION REVIEW #5 5) What is happening at point Ain this speed-time graph? A. the object is speeding up B. the object is slowing down C. the object is at rest D. the object has a constant speed

  28. ANSWER #5 Point A = object is speeding up LABEL THIS ON YOUR GRAPH

  29. ACCELERATION REVIEW #6 6) What is happening at point Bin this speed-time graph? A. the object is speeding up B. the object is slowing down C. the object is at rest D. the object has a constant speed

  30. ANSWER #6 Point B = object has a constant speed LABEL THIS ON YOUR GRAPH

  31. ACCELERATION REVIEW #7 7) What is happening at point Cin this speed-time graph? A. the object is speeding up B. the object is slowing down C. the object is at rest D. the object has a constant speed

  32. ANSWER #7 Point C = object is slowing down LABEL THIS ON YOUR GRAPH

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