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AAE 451 Team V

Preliminary Design Review. AAE 451 Team V. Charlie Rush Zheng Wang Brandon Wedde Greg Wilson. Stephen Beirne Miles Hatem Chris Kester Jim Radtke. The Flying V Barn Owl. Outline. Market Design Requirements Present Concept Sizing Aerodynamics Performance Structures

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AAE 451 Team V

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  1. Preliminary Design Review AAE 451 Team V Charlie Rush Zheng Wang Brandon Wedde Greg Wilson Stephen Beirne Miles Hatem Chris Kester Jim Radtke The Flying V Barn Owl

  2. Outline • Market • Design Requirements • Present Concept • Sizing • Aerodynamics • Performance • Structures • Weight and Balance • Stability • Propulsion • Cost • Summary AAE 451 Team V

  3. GA Market Review • Product • 4 Seat Single Engine Piston Aircraft for Hobbyists, Training Fleets, and Fixed Base Operators • Powered by an Alternative Fuel • Customer Needs • 100LL Replacement • Current staple fuel for GA piston engines • Production uncertain after 2015 • Provides opportunity to be first to market • Petroleum fuel alternative for post peak oil AAE 451 Team V

  4. Design Requirements AAE 451 Team V

  5. Current Design The “Barn Owl” AAE 451 Team V

  6. Carpet Plot Stall (57 kts) Cruise (150 kts) Climb (1300 fpm) Takeoff (1500 ft) Aspect Ratio (increments of 0.5) Turn (n=2) Design Space Design point AR=10 Note: Sizing was done with a predetermined 200 hp engine AR=6 AAE 451 Team V

  7. I/O for Carpet Plot AAE 451 Team V

  8. New Airfoil Design • FVGA 5121-12.1% thick • Designed using Genetic Algorithm • Laminar flow • Large Laminar bucket • Performance comparable to 2412 when tripped • 30% less drag at cruise commpared to 2412 • Low penalty at high Cl AAE 451 Team V

  9. Wing Planform Design • Span = 33.87 • Taper ratio = 0.7 • Polynomial twist • Close to elliptical lift distribution • 1.51 degrees total twist AAE 451 Team V

  10. Cmarc Analysis • Used to acquire an accurate prediction of induced drag and parasite drag. • Detailed fuselage shaping to minimize interference drag • Bathtub style wing joint utilized, with smooth LE/TE junctions, possible with composite skin layover • 8 deg tail upsweep to minimize wake interference AAE 451 Team V

  11. CD0 Determination CD0 = 0.022 (Sref = 153) • Lower than Cessna 172 @ 0.027 • The FVGA5121 airfoil is laminar at low CL • Incompressible flight envelope • No wing struts • Aerodynamic fuselage • Close to elliptical loading AAE 451 Team V

  12. L/DMAX Determination L/DMAX = 10.4 • This is because the FVGA5121 airfoil is laminar at low CL • Most efficient cruise at 185 ft/s (109 kts) AAE 451 Team V

  13. 3D Lift Curve Wings oriented to have a level fuselage at max cruise speed. AAE 451 Team V

  14. Performance Design Limit Load 3.8 g per FAR 23.337 FAR Gust Velocities Under 20,000 ft 50 ft/s @ VCruise 25 ft/s @ VDive Design Loading Gust Loading AAE 451 Team V

  15. Performance AAE 451 Team V

  16. Structure • Material Selection • Aluminum frame with fiberglass skin selected • Cost savings expected • Slight weight savings achieved • Frame • “Big bones” approach • Manufacturing cost reduced due to fewer components and advanced joining • Skin • Fiberglass cured in large segments • Segments bonded to frame AAE 451 Team V

  17. Structural Layout I-Beam Spar C-Channels Ribs AAE 451 Team V

  18. Spar Carrythrough • Spar located at front of rear seats • Spar does not hinder cabin comfort AAE 451 Team V

  19. Component Weights • Began with Raymer’s Statistical Group Weights method • Replaced with known or calculated weights • Engine • Propeller • Wings • Fuselage AAE 451 Team V

  20. Component Weights • Engine • Total installed weight from DeltaHawk • Includes all pumps, turbocharger, lines, exhaust, and mount • 390 lbs • Propeller • Off the Shelf • 51 lbs AAE 451 Team V 20

  21. Wing Sizing • Cross-sectional optimization along span • Design Variables: • Constrained by: AAE 451 Team V

  22. Wing Sizing • Validation of sizing algorithm • Raymer statistical weight: 302 lbs • All-aluminum wing optimization: 300 lbs • Our design • S2-glass/epoxy skin • New weight: 286 lbs • Difference due to minimum gauge skin over outer 1/3 span AAE 451 Team V

  23. Fuselage • Preliminary model created and analyzed with I-DEAS • Ability to sustain limit load verified AAE 451 Team V

  24. Weight and Balance • Design gross weight from sizing • 2705 lbs • Detailed gross weight prediction • 2694 lbs AAE 451 Team V

  25. C.G. and Static Stability • Static Margin with full load 10.6% • Static Margin with no fuel, 1 pilot 19.6% 20% S.M. 10% S.M. C E D B F G A H AAE 451 Team V

  26. Fuel Selection • Bio-diesel chosen as alternative fuel • Reasons chosen: • BSFC of 0.439 lbs/(hp*hr) is bested only by hydrogen • Most developed technology of all of the proposed alternative fuels • Requires only minor modifications to available piston engines AAE 451 Team V

  27. Engine Design • Engine Requirements: • No more than 200 hp to remain “low performance” • Meet dimension constraints for the nose of the aircraft • Powerful enough to meet cruise speed target • An existing diesel aircraft engine meets our requirements • Development cost savings AAE 451 Team V

  28. Engine Design • Deltahawk V4 DH200V4 • Rated Power • 200 hp • Total installed Weight • 390 lbs • Dimensions: • 30x23x32 (inches) • Cost • $32,450 • Meets all desired requirements AAE 451 Team V

  29. Propeller • Existing Propeller • 2 Blade, constant Speed • Hartzell HC-C2YK-1 ( )/7666A-2 • Same Propeller as Piper Arrow • HP 200 • RPM 2700 • Cruise 145 kts • Specs. • Max constant HP = 250 • Max constant RPM = 2700 • Diameter = 74” AAE 451 Team V

  30. Acquisition Cost • Three cost estimating relationships: • GA Plane Library • Modified RAND DAPCA • Airframe Weight Relationship • Weighted average yields purchase price of ~$298,400.00 • RTD&E Break-Even set by DAPCA model at ~5 years (~2000 planes) • Reasonable with market that breakeven would be met. AAE 451 Team V

  31. Acquisition Cost Barn Owl AAE 451 Team V

  32. Operating Costs • Compiled data from web resources (Company websites; Plane Quest) • Allows for current fuel prices • 100LL ~ $4.27/gal • B100 ~ $3.00 - $3.25/gal • Gives Total Operating Cost of ~$81/hr (2006 USD)  AAE 451 Team V

  33. Operating Costs Barn Owl AAE 451 Team V

  34. Operating Costs • How does ~$81/hr compare? *Determined using DOC v. GTOW Relationship AAE 451 Team V

  35. Life Cycle Cost Estimate • Est. Cost for Owner over 12 year span of time? • Saves Owner over $100,000 than if same plane were powered by 100LL at current prices! (LCC $1,136k) AAE 451 Team V

  36. Design Requirements AAE 451 Team V

  37. Comparison to Current Competition AAE 451 Team V

  38. Summary • The Barn Owl will be a successful alternative fuel aircraft • The current design is feasible and meets all requirements • Next steps: • Controls sizing & dynamic stability • Refine and consolidate structure, aerodynamic, and layout models • Detailed production cost estimation AAE 451 Team V

  39. This Concludes the… Preliminary Design Review AAE 451 Team V Charlie Rush Zheng Wang Brandon Wedde Greg Wilson Stephen Beirne Miles Hatem Chris Kester Jim Radtke The Flying V Barn Owl

  40. Slide left intentionally blank… except for this. AAE 451 Team V

  41. References • Hartzell Propeller Data. “TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. P-920 Available <http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgM akeModel.nsf/0/aac7773a13ad299186257114005a5cd0/$FILE/P- 920.pdf>. • Plane Quest. Plane Quest Website. Cited 4/1/06. Available <http://www.planequest.com/operationcosts/default.asp>. • Raymer, Daniel. Aircraft Design a Conceptual Approach. 3rd Ed. 1999. AIAA. Reston, VA. AAE 451 Team V

  42. CFD AAE 451 Team V

  43. CFD AAE 451 Team V

  44. Wing Structure Sizing Results AAE 451 Team V

  45. Wing Structure Sizing Results AAE 451 Team V

  46. Wing Structure Sizing Results AAE 451 Team V

  47. Wing Structure Sizing Results AAE 451 Team V

  48. Wing Structure Sizing Results AAE 451 Team V

  49. Propeller AAE 451 Team V

  50. Propeller AAE 451 Team V

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