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Understanding Matter: States, Properties & Phase Changes

Explore the fundamentals of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Learn about kinetic theory, particle arrangements, and energy levels that define each state. Discover how matter transitions between states through phase changes.

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Understanding Matter: States, Properties & Phase Changes

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  1. Matter: It’s what the world is made of.

  2. What is matter? • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

  3. Gases Plasma What do you know about matter? Solids Liquids

  4. STATES OF MATTER • Based upon particle arrangement • Based upon energy of particles • Based upon distance between particles

  5. Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

  6. Solids • Solids have definite shape and definite volume. • Solids have mass. • Solids take up space.

  7. Particles in Solids: • Are packed tightly together • Have very little energy = loses heat • Vibrate in place • Have a definite shape and definite volume

  8. Liquids • Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume. • Liquids have mass. • Liquids take up space.

  9. Particles in Liquids: • Are loosely packed • Have medium energy levels • Particles flow around each other • Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

  10. Gases • Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume. • Gases have mass. • Gases take up space.

  11. Particles in Gases: • Move freely • Have LOTS of energy • Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

  12. Plasma • Lightning is a plasma. • Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights. • Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged.

  13. Particles in Plasma: • Are electrically charged • Have EXTREMELY high energy levels • A plasma is an ionized gas. • A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. • Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

  14. Lightning

  15. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

  16. STATES of matter? What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?

  17. Energy determines the state!

  18. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

  19. When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower! Add or Subtract Energy. . .

  20. PHASE CHANGES

  21. PHASE CHANGES

  22. Solid + Energy = ? • When energy is added to solids, they become liquids! • Examples?

  23. Liquid + Energy = ? • When energy is added to liquids, they become gases! • What examples can you think of?

  24. Changing States • There are several names for matter changing states: • State change • Phase change • Physical change

  25. Review Questions • What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape? • Describe the properties of liquids. • Describe the differences between gases and plasma. • What is needed for states of matter to change phase?

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